📚 Knowledge Base — Laboratory Methods
⚗️ Physical chemistry
🧪 pH of water and wastewater by the potentiometric method to PN-EN ISO 10523
The most frequently cited standard in the whole accreditation-scope database: pH measured with a glass electrode, over the range pH 2–12, at…
🫧 BOD5 by the dilution and seeding method to PN-EN ISO 5815-1
The basic method for determining BOD: the sample is diluted, seeded and incubated for 5 or 7 days with nitrification suppressed, and the oxy…
⚖️ Suspended solids to PN-EN 872 — and the upper limit the standard does not give
A gravimetric method: the sample is filtered through a glass-fibre filter, dried and weighed. The standard gives a limit of determination of…
🧪 COD — Chemical Oxygen Demand
Determination of chemical oxygen demand using sealed tubes (cuvettes) with potassium dichromate. A key parameter for assessing water and was…
⚡ Water Electrical Conductivity
Conductometric determination of electrical conductivity of water and wastewater. A rapid and reagent-free parameter indicating total water m…
💧 Water Turbidity (Turbidimetry)
Nephelometric determination of water turbidity using infrared scattered radiation at 90° angle. A fundamental drinking water quality paramet…
🫧 Dissolved Oxygen in Water
Electrochemical determination of dissolved oxygen concentration in water using membrane probe. A key parameter for assessing the ecological …
🔬 Ammonium Nitrogen in Water
Spectrophotometric determination of ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺) in water by salicylate-hypochlorite method — indophenol reaction. A key water c…
🔬 Nitrates in Water
Spectrophotometric determination of nitrates (NO₃⁻) in water by sulfosalicylic acid method. A key parameter for agricultural-origin nitrate …
🔬 Nitrites in Water
Spectrophotometric determination of nitrites (NO₂⁻) in water by diazotization with sulfanilamide and NED. An indicator of incomplete nitrifi…
🔬 Phosphates / Total Phosphorus in Water
Spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphates and total phosphorus in water by ammonium molybdate and ascorbic acid method (molybdenum…
⚗️ Chlorides in Water
Titrimetric determination of chlorides in water by Mohr method — silver nitrate titration with potassium chromate indicator. Classical volum…
⚗️ Sulfates in Water
Gravimetric determination of sulfates (SO₄²⁻) in water by barium chloride precipitation method. Classical, reference gravimetric method with…
⚗️ Fluoride in water
Potentiometric determination of fluoride ion (F⁻) concentration in water using an ion-selective electrode (ISE). Reference method for drinki…
🔬 Total iron in water
Spectrophotometric determination of total iron in water using 1,10-phenanthroline method. Measurement of orange-red Fe²⁺ complex absorbance …
🔬 Manganese in water
Spectrophotometric determination of manganese in water using formaldoxime method. Measurement of orange Mn-formaldoxime complex absorbance a…
💧 Total water hardness
Complexometric determination of total water hardness (sum of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) by titration with EDTA against Eriochrome Black T at pH 10.
⚗️ Water alkalinity
Titrimetric determination of total and partial water alkalinity by titration with hydrochloric acid solution to pH 8.3 and 4.5. Key water bu…
🧪 TOC—Total Organic Carbon
Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in water by catalytic combustion at 680°C or wet oxidation with CO₂ detection in NDIR detector.
🔬 Kjeldahl nitrogen
Determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in water by mineralization with selenium, ammonia distillation, and titration. Sum of organic and a…
⚗️ Calcium and magnesium in water
Determination of calcium and magnesium in water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) at wavelengths 422.7 nm (Ca) and 285.2 nm (Mg…
⚗️ Oxidizability (permanganate index)
Determination of water permanganate index (oxidizability) by oxidation with KMnO₄ in acidic medium, with reverse titration with sodium oxala…
🔬 Heavy metals in water — AAS
Determination of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co) in water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Basic technique for trace me…
🔬 Metals in water — ICP-OES
Multi-element analysis of over 30 elements in water using ICP-OES with argon plasma at 6000–10000 K. Fast, simultaneous analysis.
☠️ Mercury in water
Determination of mercury in water by cold vapor method (CV-AAS) — chemical reduction of Hg²⁺ to Hg⁰ and absorption measurement in gas phase.…
☠️ Arsenic in water
Determination of arsenic in water by hydride generation technique (HG-AAS) — reduction of As to arsine (AsH₃) and atomic absorption measurem…
☠️ Cyanides in water
Determination of total and free cyanides in water after distillation — spectrophotometric method with pyridine and barbituric acid at 578 nm…
🧪 Phenolic index of water
Determination of total volatile phenols in water after distillation — color reaction with 4-aminoantipyrine in presence of potassium hexacya…
🧪 Anionic detergents in water (MBAS)
Determination of anionic surfactants in water as methylene blue active substances (MBAS). Extraction of ion pairs to chloroform, measurement…
🧪 PAH in water
Determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water by HPLC with fluorescence detection after liquid-liquid extraction. Sensitivit…
⛽ Hydrocarbon Oil Index in Water — Petroleum Hydrocarbons (GC-FID)
Determination of mineral oil index (C₁₀–C₄₀) in water by solvent extraction, Florisil cleanup, and gas chromatography GC-FID.
💧 Free and total chlorine in water
Determination of free and total chlorine in water by DPD colorimetric method — color reaction with N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, measure…
🎨 Water Color
Determination of apparent and true color of water by visual and spectrophotometric methods on the platinum-cobalt scale (Pt-Co). Basic organ…
🌡️ Dry Residue / TDS
Determination of dry residue (TDS) by gravimetric method after drying the sample at 105°C to constant mass. Basic indicator of dissolved and…
☣️ Chromium VI in Water
Determination of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) by spectrophotometric method with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide. Critical toxicological determination — …
⚛️ Lead in Water — GF-AAS
Determination of trace concentrations of lead in water by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization in graphite furnace…
⚛️ Cadmium in Water — GF-AAS
Determination of trace concentrations of cadmium in water by atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace (GF-AAS). Detection limit …
🔬 Copper in Water
Determination of copper in water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) at wavelength 324.8 nm. Fast and reliable method for mg/L le…
🔬 Nickel in Water
Determination of nickel in water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) at wavelength 232.0 nm. Reference method for mg/L level conc…
💎 Boron in Water
Determination of dissolved boron in water by spectrophotometric method with azomethine-H at 410 nm. Fast, sensitive and economical method fo…
🧪 Aluminium in Water
Determination of aluminium in water by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) — flame or graphite furnace. Control of aluminium coagulant resi…
🧬 THM / Trihalomethanes in Water
Determination of trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform) in water by gas chromatography with ECD…
🔬 Total Nitrogen in Water
Determination of total nitrogen in water after oxidative digestion with peroxodisulfates. Sum of organic nitrogen, ammonium, nitrite and nit…
👃 Odor and Taste of Water
Sensory determination of threshold odor number (TON) and threshold flavor number (TFN) of water using dilution method with panel assessment.…
🔬 UV Absorbance at 254 nm
Measurement of water absorbance at wavelength 254 nm as an indicator of organic matter content (aromatic and unsaturated compounds). Fast sp…
⚗️ Bromides and Bromates in Water
Determination of bromates (BrO₃⁻) and bromides (Br⁻) in drinking water by ion chromatography with conductometric detection. Bromates are a b…
🔬 Selenium in Water (ICP-OES)
Determination of selenium in drinking, surface, and wastewater by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Seleni…
🧪 Formaldehyde in Water
Spectrophotometric determination of formaldehyde in water by acetylacetone method (Hantzsch). Formaldehyde reacts with acetylacetone and amm…
🧪 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Water
Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in drinking water and wastewater by purge-and-trap technique with GC-MS detection. The met…
⛽ BTEX in Water (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes)
Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in water by headspace analysis technique with GC-MS or GC-FID detection.…
📊 Ion Analysis in Water — Ion Chromatography (IC)
Simultaneous determination of anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, F⁻, PO₄³⁻, Br⁻) and cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺, Li⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺) in water by…
🌿 Chlorophyll a in Water
Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll a in surface waters after acetone extraction and filtration. Key indicator of eutrophication…
💧 Moisture — general Karl Fischer method
Determination of water content in chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and petrochemical samples by Karl Fischer titration (volumetric or coul…
🔬 Particle Size Analysis — Laser Diffraction
Determination of particle size distribution (0.1 µm – 3 mm) in powders, suspensions, emulsions and aerosols by laser diffraction method. Fas…
☢️ X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
Non-destructive analysis of elemental composition of solid and liquid materials from beryllium (Be) to uranium (U) by X-ray fluorescence met…
⚗️ BOD5 in undiluted samples — measurement of dissolved oxygen before and after 5 days of incubation at 20 °C (oxygen probe)
Two bottles (120 cm³, with a ground-glass stopper) are filled with the water under test through a siphon from the bottom, without an air bub…
⚗️ Dissolved anions in water (Br⁻, Cl⁻, F⁻, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, PO₄³⁻, SO₄²⁻) — ion chromatography with conductometric detection
The filtered (0.45 µm) sample is injected (loop of e.g. 20–25 µl) into an ion chromatograph with a low-capacity anion-exchange column and a …
⚗️ Ammonium nitrogen in water and wastewater — distillation with magnesium oxide into boric acid and titration with hydrochloric acid
A portion of the sample (25–250 ml according to the expected concentration) is brought to pH 6.0–7.4, made up with ammonia-free water to abo…
⚗️ Calcium in water — complexometric titration with EDTA at pH 12–13 against the HSN indicator (calconcarboxylic acid)
To 50.0 ml of the sample 2 ml of NaOH 2 mol/l and about 0.2 g of the HSN indicator are added, after which it is titrated at once with a 10 m…
⚗️ Chemical oxygen demand (COD-Cr) — oxidation with potassium dichromate under a reflux condenser (2 h, 148 °C) and titration with ammonium iron(II) sulfate
10.0 ml of the sample is heated for 2 h under a reflux condenser (148 ± 3 °C) with 5.00 ml of potassium dichromate 0.040 mol/l containing me…
⚗️ Trace and major elements in water (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, U…) — inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
The measurement solution is introduced (by pneumatic nebulisation) into a radio-frequency argon plasma, where vaporisation, decomposition, a…
⚗️ Total dissolved solids (TDS) in water and eluates — filtration through 0.45 µm, evaporation and drying to constant mass at (105 ± 5) °C
The sample is filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane filter, a portion of the filtrate (chosen so that 20–1000 mg of dry matter remains after e…
⚗️ Chlorate, chloride and chlorite in water of low contamination — ion chromatography with conductometric, UV or amperometric detection
Chlorate, chloride and chlorite are separated on a low-capacity anion-exchange column with a carbonate/hydrogen carbonate eluent (e.g. 0.001…
⚗️ Sodium in water — flame atomic absorption spectrometry (589.0 nm) with caesium chloride as an ionisation buffer
Into a 100 ml flask containing 10 ml of caesium chloride solution (25 g of CsCl/l in HCl), 2 ml of the sample (filtered through 0.45 µm) is …
⚗️ Anionic surfactants in water and wastewater — the methylene blue index (MBAS): extraction with chloroform and measurement of the absorbance at 650 nm
In a separating funnel 100 ml of the sample (20–200 µg of MBAS) is made alkaline with a pH 10 buffer (10 ml), 5 ml of neutral methylene blue…
⚗️ Mercury in water — digestion with bromine/bromine chloride, reduction with tin(II) chloride and cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS)
The sample (15 ml of HCl of 120 g/kg and 2 ml of the bromide/bromate reagent per 100 ml) is digested with chemically generated bromine and B…
⚗️ Volatile organic compounds in water (BTEX, naphthalene, chlorinated hydrocarbons) — gas purging and trapping on an adsorbent (purge-and-trap), thermal desorption, GC-MS
A fixed volume of the sample is purged with helium or nitrogen, the volatile constituents are retained on an adsorption trap (e.g. Tenax, ca…
⚗️ Dry residue, residue on ignition and loss on ignition in water and wastewater — gravimetric method (105 °C / 550 °C)
A measured volume of the sample (e.g. 100 cm³) is evaporated in a weighed crystallising dish on a water bath, dried at 105 °C to constant ma…
⚗️ Dissolved oxygen in water — optical sensor (luminescent, quenching of fluorescence)
A probe with a cap containing a luminophore is immersed in the water; pulsed LED light excites the luminophore, whose luminescence is quench…
⚗️ Sodium and potassium in water — flame emission spectrometry (589.0 nm and 766.5 nm) with a caesium buffer
Up to 40 ml of the sample (filtered through 0.45 µm) is added to a 50 ml flask containing 5 ml of caesium chloride solution, made up with wa…
⚗️ Organochlorine insecticides (HCH, DDT, aldrin, dieldrin…), PCBs and chlorobenzenes in water — liquid-liquid extraction with hexane and GC-ECD
The sample (about 1 l in an amber bottle, pH 5–7.5) is extracted with 30 ml of hexane (or petroleum ether, heptane) by shaking for at least …
⚗️ Dissolved oxygen in water — the iodometric Winkler method (manganese(II) hydroxide, iodide, titration with thiosulfate)
To the sample in a Winkler bottle (130–350 ml) 1 ml of manganese(II) sulfate and 2 ml of the alkaline iodide-azide reagent are added below t…
⚗️ Chromium(VI) and total chromium in water and wastewater — spectrophotometry with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (540 nm)
Cr(VI) is determined directly: to the sample acidified with H₂SO₄ and containing H₃PO₄ (masking of iron) 2.0 cm³ of 0.5 % diphenylcarbazide …
⚗️ Total and free cyanide in water — continuous flow analysis (CFA) with UV decomposition, distillation or gas diffusion and photometric detection (chloramine-T, pyridine-4-carboxylic acid, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid)
In the CFA system cyanide bound in complexes is decomposed with a UV-B lamp (312–400 nm) at pH 3.8, the HCN is separated by in-line distilla…
⚗️ Nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in water — flow analysis (CFA/FIA) with cadmium reduction and the Griess reaction (sulfanilamide, N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine, 520–560 nm)
The sample is mixed in the stream with an imidazole buffer (pH 7.5) and passed through a cadmium reductor (a column of granules or a cadmium…
⚗️ Phenol index in water — flow analysis (FIA/CFA) with 4-aminoantipyrine and potassium peroxodisulfate, in-line extraction into chloroform (470–475 nm)
The sample is introduced into the carrier stream and mixed with solutions of 4-aminoantipyrine (in a buffer of about pH 10.3) and of potassi…
⚗️ Nitrate nitrogen in water and waste water — the colorimetric method with sodium salicylate (nitration in concentrated sulfuric acid, measurement at 410 nm)
Nitrates react with sodium salicylate in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid; nitrosalicylic acid is formed, which after being made a…
⚗️ The sum of calcium and magnesium (total hardness) in water and waste water — complexometric titration with EDTA against eriochrome black T
Complexometric titration of calcium and magnesium with an aqueous solution of the disodium salt of EDTA at pH 10 against eriochrome black T.…
⚗️ Ammonium nitrogen in water — direct Nesslerization (Nessler’s reagent, measurement of the yellow colour at 425 nm)
Ammonium ions react with Nessler’s reagent (potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) in an alkaline medium), giving a yellow colour proportional to …
⚗️ Total chromium in water and waste water — atomic absorption spectrometry: the nitrous oxide/acetylene flame (method A) and electrothermal atomisation (method B), 357.9 nm
Two AAS methods for total chromium: the flame method in a nitrous oxide/acetylene flame with the addition of lanthanum (0.5–20 mg/l) and the…
⚗️ Kjeldahl nitrogen in sewage sludge — mineralisation with sulfuric acid with a catalyst, distillation and determination of the ammonia
The organic and ammonium nitrogen in the sludge is converted into ammonium sulfate by mineralisation with concentrated sulfuric acid with a …
⚗️ Total phosphorus in sewage sludge — mineralisation with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acid, determination of the orthophosphates by the molybdate method
The standard describes the complete mineralisation of raw or digested sludge, after which all the forms of phosphorus pass into orthophospha…
⚗️ pH of sewage sludge — potentiometric measurement with a glass electrode in liquid sludge and in a suspension of dewatered sludge
Measurement of the potential difference of an electrochemical cell with a glass electrode. For liquid sludge the measurement is direct (pH r…
⚗️ Manganese in water and waste water — the colorimetric method with formaldoxime (a brownish-red complex, measurement at 450 nm)
Manganese reacts with formaldoxime, forming in an alkaline medium a stable brownish-red manganese tetraformaldoxime complex; the absorbance …
⚗️ Substances extractable with petroleum ether in water and wastewater — the gravimetric method
Organic substances are extracted with petroleum ether from an acidified and salted-out sample and then determined gravimetrically. The lower…
⚗️ AOX — adsorbable organically bound halogens in water and wastewater: adsorption on activated carbon, displacement of inorganic halides, combustion at 950 °C and argentometric titration
A summary indicator of the pollution of water and wastewater by organochlorine, organobromine and organoiodine compounds (fluorine is not in…
⚗️ Dissolved sulfide in water and wastewater — filtration through 0.45 µm, preservation with ascorbate, stripping with nitrogen at pH 4 and determination with methylene blue at 665 nm
A photometric method for determining dissolved sulfide in the range from 0.04 mg/l to 1.5 mg/l. The sample is filtered through 0.45 µm, the …
⚗️ Sludge volume after 30 min of settling and the sludge volume index (Mohlman index) — a 1000 ml cylinder, determination of the dry matter and the quotient of the two quantities
The sludge suspension is poured with a scoop into a 1000 ml measuring cylinder and after 30 min without shaking the sludge volume is read at…
🔬 Water for analytical laboratory use — three grades of purity per PN-EN ISO 3696
The standard divides laboratory water into three grades of purity and, for each, gives requirements together with the methods of verifying t…
💧 Free, bound and total cyanides in water and waste water — the withdrawn PN-C-04603 series
A withdrawn series of national standards on the determination of cyanides in water and waste water, to which older procedures refer. Sheet 0…
🔬 Dissolved acetylene — classification, requirements and determination of impurities, PN-C-84905
A national standard for acetylene dissolved in acetone: it gives the classification and requirements, describes methods for determining the …
⚗️ Sampling of drinking water from treatment works and the water supply network (PN-ISO 5667-5)
Guidance on sampling water intended for human consumption from treatment systems and the water supply network: selection of sampling points,…
🕳️ Sampling of groundwaters according to PN-ISO 5667-11 — and the clauses that laboratories exclude
The standard is a set of GUIDELINES, not a procedure: it states itself that a prescriptive specification of methods is not possible. That is…
🏞️ Sampling of water from lakes and reservoirs according to PN-ISO 5667-4 — and the winter that laboratories exclude
The standard covers sampling from lakes and reservoirs BOTH from open water AND from under ice cover — and it is precisely the clauses on wi…
💧 Sulphates in water by the turbidimetric method according to PN-C-04566-10 — standard withdrawn, and two different names of the technique in the scopes
A two-page standard from 1979, withdrawn on 7 July 2015, still cited by 22 laboratories — mainly for water intended for human consumption. A…
🔵 Aluminium in water by the eriochrome cyanine R method according to PN-C-04605-02 — standard withdrawn, and a low parametric value
A four-page standard from 1992, withdrawn on 14 November 2012, cited by 21 laboratories — almost exclusively for drinking water. The paramet…
🧂 Potassium in water and waste water according to PN-ISO 9964-2 — a standard in force, with a separate national sheet for waste water
The standard is in force — the PKN card has no withdrawal note — and it has a rare addition: a national sheet from 1997 that extends the det…
🌱 Water-soluble potassium in fertilizers — PN-EN 15477
Method for the determination of water-soluble potassium; according to the PKN card it applies to all potassium fertilizers listed in the ann…
🧪 Ammonium nitrogen in water and wastewater — flow analysis CFA/FIA
Determination of ammonium nitrogen in various types of water, including wastewater, by flow analysis — flow injection (FIA) or continuous fl…
⚗️ Chlorophenols and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in water and wastewater — GC
Determination of nineteen chlorophenols — from the monochlorophenols to pentachlorophenol — by gas chromatography in drinking water, groundw…
🧪 Chloride in water and wastewater — flow analysis CFA/FIA
Determination of chloride in water and wastewater by flow analysis — continuous flow (CFA) or flow injection (FIA) — with photometric or pot…
🧪 Organophosphorus pesticides in water and wastewater — GC after dichloromethane extraction
Determination of parathion, methyl parathion and some other organophosphorus compounds in drinking water, surface water and wastewater — dic…
🧪 Total arsenic in water and wastewater — spectrophotometry with DDTC-Ag
A spectrophotometric method for determining arsenic in water and wastewater with silver diethyldithiocarbamate, range 0.001–0.1 mg/l. The 20…
🧪 Cadmium in water and wastewater — flame and electrothermal AAS
Determination of cadmium by atomic absorption spectrometry in two variants described in one standard: in an air–acetylene flame and with ele…
⚗️ Settleable solids in water and wastewater — volume of sediment after 2 h in an Imhoff cone, PN-C-04559-03
Determination of settleable solids in water and wastewater by the volumetric method: the volume of sediment that settles in an Imhoff cone w…
⚗️ Manganese in water and wastewater — permanganate method, visual or spectrophotometric measurement, PN-C-04590-02
Determination of total and dissolved manganese in water and wastewater by the permanganate method: according to the PKN card from 0.05 mg/l …
⚗️ Iron and manganese in water and wastewater — flame atomic absorption spectrometry, PN-C-04570-01
Determination of total and dissolved metals in water and wastewater by flame atomic absorption spectrometry — according to the PKN card mang…
⚗️ Bromate in water and drinking water — ion chromatography with post-column reaction (IC-PCR), PN-EN ISO 11206
Determination of dissolved bromate in water by ion chromatography with post-column reaction — in the accreditation scopes most often with sp…
⚗️ Orthophosphate and total phosphorus in water and wastewater — continuous flow analysis (CFA) with spectrophotometric detection, PN-EN ISO 15681-2
Determination of orthophosphate and total phosphorus in water and wastewater by continuous flow analysis (CFA) with spectrophotometric detec…
🌱 Extraction of water-soluble calcium, magnesium, sodium and sulfur (in the form of sulfates) from fertilizers — one extract for determining each nutrient, PN-EN 15961
A sample-preparation standard: extraction of water-soluble calcium, magnesium, sodium and sulfur in the form of sulfates from fertilizers — …
🌱 Calcium oxide (CaO) content of agricultural limes and calcium fertilizers — titration with disodium edetate at pH 12–13 with calcon indicator, PN-C-87007-06
Determination of calcium oxide in calcium fertilizers: according to the card of the 1993 edition — titration of calcium ions with a standard…
🌱 Total and water-soluble calcium in fertilizers — manganimetric determination of calcium precipitated as oxalate from an extract according to PN-EN 15960 or PN-EN 15961, PN-EN 16196
A manganimetric method for determining calcium in fertilizer extracts: calcium is precipitated in the form of oxalate and determined mangani…
🌱 Total and water-soluble magnesium in fertilizers — atomic absorption spectrometry in extracts according to PN-EN 15960 and PN-EN 15961, PN-EN 16197
Determination of magnesium in fertilizer extracts by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) — in extracts according to PN-EN 15960 and PN-EN 1…
🌱 Sulfur present as sulfates in fertilizer extracts — method A gravimetric (barium sulfate), method B ICP-OES, method C ion chromatography, PN-EN 15749
Determination of sulfur present in fertilizer extracts in the form of sulfates by three methods: A — gravimetrically as barium sulfate, B — …
🌱 Calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in agricultural limes and liming materials containing magnesium — complexometric titration (disodium EDTA, EGTA, DCTA), PN-C-87006-11
Determination of calcium and magnesium in calcium-magnesium fertilizers by complexometric methods: according to the card — with disodium ede…
🌱 Size distribution of agricultural limes and other liming materials — method A (dry sieving) and method B (wet sieving), PN-EN 12948
Determination of the size distribution of liming materials by two methods: according to the card, method A — dry sieving — for all liming ma…
🌱 Cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and zinc in fertilizers — determination in aqueous extracts (EN 16962) and aqua regia extracts (EN 16964) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), PN-EN 16965
Determination of cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and zinc in fertilizer extracts by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The standar…
🌱 Total content of micronutrients in mineral fertilizers — extraction of boron, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc with aqua regia before determination by FAAS, ICP-OES, spectrophotometry or titration, PN-EN 16964
Preparation of the extract for determining the total content of micronutrients — boron, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc…
🌱 Water-soluble micronutrients in mineral fertilizers — extraction with water of the forms of boron, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc and removal of organic compounds from the extract before determination, PN-EN 16962
Preparation of the extract for determining water-soluble micronutrients — boron, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc — in m…
🧪 TOC, DOC, total bound nitrogen (TNb) and dissolved bound nitrogen (DNb) after catalytic combustion — PN-EN ISO 20236
Total and dissolved organic carbon and total and dissolved bound nitrogen in waters and wastewater, determined in one instrument after high-…
🌱 Nitric and ammoniacal nitrogen in fertilizers according to Devarda — PN-EN 15476
Nitric and ammoniacal nitrogen in fertilizers in which nitrogen occurs exclusively in nitric form or in ammoniacal and nitric form: reductio…
🌱 Ammoniacal nitrogen in fertilizers (distillation with sodium hydroxide) — PN-EN 15475
Ammoniacal nitrogen in fertilizers in which nitrogen occurs exclusively in the form of ammonium salts or ammonium salts together with nitrat…
🌱 Moisture of solid fertilizers and liming materials — drying at 105 °C — PN-EN 12048
Moisture content of silicate and carbonate liming materials and of phosphate fertilizers (superphosphates, rock phosphates, ground and parti…
🌱 Phosphorus soluble in mineral acids — extraction from fertilizers — PN-EN 15956
Preparation of the extract for the determination of phosphorus soluble in mineral acids in phosphate fertilizers: 2.5 g of sample is boiled …
🌱 Phosphorus soluble in neutral ammonium citrate — extraction at 65 °C — PN-EN 15957
Extraction of phosphorus with a neutral ammonium citrate solution of pH 7 at a temperature of 65 °C: 1 g or 3 g of fertilizer in 100 ml of s…
🌱 Water-soluble phosphorus — extraction from fertilizers — PN-EN 15958
Extraction of water-soluble phosphorus from fertilizers, including compound ones: 5 g of sample is shaken for 30 min with 450 ml of water at…
🌱 Phosphorus in fertilizer extracts — gravimetric method (quinoline phosphomolybdate) — PN-EN 15959
Determination of phosphorus in fertilizer extracts — from mineral acids, from water, from ammonium citrate, from 2 % citric acid and from 2 …
🌱 Total calcium, magnesium, sodium and sulfate sulfur — extraction from fertilizers — PN-EN 15960
One extract for the determination of total calcium, magnesium, sodium and sulfur in the form of sulfates: 5 g of fertilizer (1 g at a high c…
🌱 Total nitrogen in urea and nitrate-free urea fertilizers — conversion of urea into ammonia by boiling with sulfuric acid (Kjeldahl tablets with selenium), distillation of ammonia from an alkaline solution into an excess of standard sulfuric acid, back-titration of the excess with alkali, PN-EN 15478
Determination of total nitrogen in urea: urea is converted quantitatively into ammonia by boiling with sulfuric acid, the ammonia is distill…
⚗️ Determination of nicotine, propylene glycol and glycerol in liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-liquids) by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection — 0,1 g of sample diluted with 10 ml of isopropanol containing an internal standard (quinaldine, 1,3-butanediol, n-heptadecane or n-octadecane), capillary column (e.g. DB-ALC1), at least five calibration solutions, linear regression not forced through zero, result in mg/g with three significant figures, PN-EN ISO 20714
Nicotine, propylene glycol and glycerol content of e-liquids: 0,1 g of liquid is diluted with 10 ml of isopropanol containing an internal st…
🌱 Sampling of soil improvers and growing media — bulk, packaged and liquid material, samples for chemical, physical and microbiological testing, PN-EN 12579
Sampling of soil improvers and growing media (e.g. composts, substrates, digestates) for the determination of quality and quantity: from a s…
⚗️ Determination of dissolved iodide, thiocyanate, thiosulfate, sulfite and chromate in water by ion chromatography — separation on a low-capacity anion exchanger, conductivity detection (with or without suppressor), UV or amperometric detection; working ranges from 0,05 to 50 mg/l, PN-EN ISO 10304-3
Five anions in water are determined by ion chromatography in three separate procedures: iodide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate (Clause 4), sulf…
🌱 Determination of total and water-soluble boron in mineral fertilizers with boron content up to 10 % by spectrophotometry with azomethine-H — yellow complex measured at 410 nm, masking of ions with EDTA, reduction of Fe(III) with ascorbic acid; extracts according to PN-EN 16962 and PN-EN 16964, PN-EN 17041
Boron in fertilizer extracts — aqueous (water-soluble boron, PN-EN 16962) and aqua regia extracts (total boron, PN-EN 16964) — reacts with a…
💧 Determination of total and free cyanide in water by flow injection analysis (FIA) — for total cyanide the complexes are decomposed in the flow system by UV-B radiation at pH 3.8 and in a thermal reactor at 85 °C, hydrogen cyanide passes through a hydrophobic membrane into sodium hydroxide solution and gives a red colour with chloramine-T, pyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid; for free cyanide the UV lamp is switched off; range 2–500 µg/l, PN-EN ISO 14403-1
Cyanide in ground, drinking and surface water, leachates and waste water is determined automatically in a flow injection analysis system. Fo…
💧 Determination of selected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in unfiltered drinking water by LC-MS/MS — Part A: the sample is diluted with methanol, isotopically labelled internal standards are added and it is injected directly; Part B: the analytes are retained on a weak anion exchanger (SPE); 30 compounds validated, including the 20 PFAS of Directive (EU) 2020/2184, limit of quantification 1 ng/l for many of them, PN-EN 17892
The dissolved fraction of selected PFAS in unfiltered drinking water is determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. I…
💧 Determination of non-ionic surfactants (bismuth active substances, BiAS) in waste water and waters — stripping from the salted sample with a stream of nitrogen or air into ethyl acetate, precipitation with Dragendorff reagent (KBiI4 + BaCl2 + acetic acid), dissolution of the precipitate in ammonium tartrate and determination of bismuth by potentiometric titration with sodium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or, according to the annex, by AAS or UV spectrometry at 263.5 nm; result in mg/l as nonylphenol with 10 ethylene oxide groups (NP 10), detection limit 0.05 mg/l, PN-ISO 7875-2
Non-ionic surfactants — alkylphenol and alcohol ethoxylates that can be stripped and precipitated with Dragendorff reagent — are determined …
🔬 Determination of the activity (Bq) of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in solid, liquid and gaseous test samples by high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry — energy and detection efficiency calibration, net full-energy peak area by summation or fitting, dead-time correction, characteristic limits according to ISO 11929; energy range 5–3000 keV; in accreditation scopes caesium-137 (and caesium-134) in food, feed and water, PN-EN ISO 20042
The activity of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides — in laboratories mainly caesium-137 in food, feed and water — is determined by gamma-ray s…
🌱 Determination of the nitrogen content by the Kjeldahl method and calculation of crude protein in cereals, pulses and derived products — sample ground through a 0.8 mm sieve, digestion with sulfuric acid and catalyst (potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, titanium oxide) for at least 2 h at (420 ± 10) °C, alkalisation, distillation of ammonia into boric acid, titration with 0.05 mol/l sulfuric acid; recovery from acetanilide at least 99.5 %, from tryptophan 99.0 %; result on dry matter, PN-EN ISO 20483
Nitrogen in cereals, pulses and their products is determined by the Kjeldahl method: a portion containing 0.005–0.2 g of nitrogen is digeste…
💧 Determination of the methylene blue active substances (MBAS) index by continuous flow analysis (CFA) — the sample in the stream is mixed with an alkaline methylene blue solution, the ion pairs formed (mainly with anionic surfactants) are extracted with trichloromethane, the organic phase is treated with an acidic methylene blue solution and measured photometrically at (650 ± 10) nm; result as sodium dodecyl sulfate, ranges (0,05–0,5) mg/l and (0,5–5,0) mg/l, PN-EN ISO 16265
The MBAS index is a conventional water quality parameter: it covers substances that under specified conditions form coloured ion pairs with …
🌱 Determination of total nitrogen in fertilizers containing nitrogen only as nitric, ammoniacal and urea nitrogen — method A (according to ISO 5315:1984): reduction of nitrate to ammonia with chromium powder in acid medium, digestion with concentrated sulfuric acid and a catalyst, distillation of ammonia from an alkaline solution into an excess of standard sulfuric acid and back-titration with sodium hydroxide against methyl red; method B: as A, but reduction with iron powder and tin(II) chloride; both give equivalent results, PN-EN 15750
Total nitrogen in fertilizers in which nitrogen is present only in nitric, ammoniacal and urea form. The standard gives two methods at the u…
⚗️ Determination of selected organic plant treatment agents and some of their main degradation products in drinking water (and, after validation, in ground water) — enrichment by solid-liquid extraction and separation by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection; 17 substances from Table 1 (triazines including desethylatrazine, phenylurea herbicides and substituted anilides), validated reporting limit about 0.1 µg/l, PN-EN ISO 11369
Triazine and phenylurea herbicides and their degradation products are determined in drinking water at the level of tenths of a microgram per…
⚗️ Determination of the aggressive carbon dioxide content in water, i.e. CO2 capable of dissolving lime from concrete — reference method: at the sampling point water is poured into a 0.5 l bottle with 10 g of precipitated calcium carbonate, shaken in the laboratory for at least 2 h, and 100 ml of the clear supernatant and 100 ml of the same water without reaction are titrated with 0.100 M hydrochloric acid to pH 4.3; the volume difference gives the lime dissolving capacity and the aggressive CO2 content in mg/l; not for water with pH below 4.3, PN-EN 13577
Part of the carbon dioxide dissolved in ground or surface water can dissolve lime from concrete — this is aggressive CO2. PN-EN 13577 determ…
⚗️ Automatic determination of ammonium, the sum of nitrate and nitrite, nitrite, chloride, orthophosphate and silicate (photometrically) and sulfate (turbidimetrically) in water with a discrete analysis system — defined volumes of sample and reagent are mixed in a separate reaction vessel for each determination, incubated (e.g. 37 °C) and the absorbance measured at the appropriate wavelength (340–880 nm); samples filtered through 0.45 µm, calibration according to ISO 8466-1/-2, correction for inherent colour according to Annex A; procedures for the parameters in Annexes B–H, PN-EN ISO 15923-1
A discrete analyser performs many photometric determinations in one instrument: for each sample and each parameter it pipettes small volumes…
⚗️ Determination of selected volatile organic compounds in water — an exact volume of unfiltered sample is sealed gastight in a headspace vial, heated until equilibrium between the water and the gas phase, and a measured volume of the gas phase is determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection; 54 compounds from Table 1 (among them trihalomethanes, tri- and tetrachloroethene, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, trichlorobenzenes, MTBE, ETBE, TAME, vinyl chloride), from 0.1 µg/l, with internal standard and salt addition, PN-EN ISO 20595
Volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. chloroform and other trihalomethanes, tri- and tetrachloroethene) and gasoline components (benzene, …
⚗️ Selenium in drinking water, groundwater and surface water — hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS): selenium converted to Se(IV), hydride decomposed thermally, absorbance at 196.0 nm, range 1–10 µg/l (higher after dilution); PN-ISO 9965:2001
Polish standard of 2001 with a method for determining selenium — including selenium in organic compounds — in drinking water, groundwater an…
⚗️ Free carbon dioxide in water — titrimetric method with phenolphthalein or using a potentiometer and indirect method using a nomogram; in accreditation scopes the titrimetric method, also for wastewater; PN-C-04547-01:1974 (withdrawn standard)
A Polish standard of 1974 from the series of tests for the carbon dioxide content of water and wastewater: free carbon dioxide in water is d…
⚗️ Total chromium in water and wastewater — colorimetric method with diphenylcarbazide, concentration range 0.01–10 mg/l; spectrophotometric method in accreditation scopes; PN-C-04604-02:1977 (withdrawn standard)
A Polish standard of 1977 from the series of tests for the chromium content of water and wastewater: total chromium is determined by the col…
⚗️ Mercury in water and wastewater — atomic absorption spectrometry after reduction with tin(II) chloride or sodium borohydride, range 0.1–10 µg/l, higher concentrations after dilution; cold vapour technique (CVAAS) in accreditation scopes; PN-EN 1483:2007 (withdrawn standard, replaced by PN-EN ISO 12846:2012)
A European standard (at PKN the English version PN-EN 1483:2007) with two methods for determining mercury by atomic absorption spectrometry:…
🦠 Microbiology
🦠 Detection of Salmonella spp.
Classical culture method for Salmonella detection in food and feed. Four-stage process: pre-enrichment → selective enrichment → plating on s…
🧫 Total Viable Count at 30°C (TVC)
Pour plate method for enumeration of aerobic mesophilic total count in food. A general hygiene indicator.
🦠 Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. — DETECTION to PN-EN ISO 11290-1
A culture method for detecting the presence of Listeria monocytogenes AND of Listeria spp. in food, feed and environmental samples from food…
🦠 E. coli and Coliform Bacteria in Water
Quantitative determination of E. coli and coliform bacteria in water by membrane filtration method on chromogenic CCA medium. Basic indicato…
🦠 Fecal Enterococci in Water
Detection and quantitative determination of intestinal enterococci in water by membrane filtration method on Slanetz-Bartley medium with con…
🦠 Clostridium perfringens in Water
Quantitative determination of vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium perfringens in water by membrane filtration method on TSC medium un…
🧫 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Water
Detection and quantitative determination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water by membrane filtration method on CN medium (cetrimide-nalidixic …
🔴 Legionella in Water
Detection and quantitative determination of Legionella bacteria in water by culture method on BCYE/GVPC medium with heat or acid treatment. …
🧫 Total Microbial Count 22°C
Determination of total colony count of microorganisms capable of growth at 22±2°C after 68±4 h by pour plate method in yeast extract agar. D…
🧫 Total Microbial Count 36°C
Determination of total colony count of microorganisms capable of growth at 36±2°C after 44±4 h by pour plate method in yeast extract agar. I…
🦠 β-glucuronidase-positive E. coli in food
Enumeration of β-glucuronidase-positive Escherichia coli in food by pour plate method on TBX agar at 44°C. E. coli colonies form characteris…
🦠 Coagulase-positive staphylococci (S. aureus)
Enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus) in food by surface plating on Baird-Parker agar with egg yolk emulsi…
🧫 Bacillus cereus in food
Enumeration of presumptive Bacillus cereus in food by surface plating on MYP (Mannitol-Egg Yolk-Polymyxin) agar at 30°C with hemolysis confi…
🍄 Yeasts and molds in food
Enumeration of yeasts and molds in food by surface plating on DRBC agar (products with aw > 0.95) or DG18 agar (products with aw ≤ 0.95) wit…
🦠 Enterobacteriaceae in food
Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in food by pour plating on VRBG (Violet Red Bile Glucose) agar with overlay, incubation at 37°C for 24 h.
🔴 Campylobacter in food
Detection of Campylobacter spp. in food and feed by selective enrichment in Bolton or Preston broth, isolation on mCCDA agar and biochemical…
🦠 Clostridium perfringens in food
Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in food by pour plating on TSC (Tryptose Sulfite Cycloserine) agar with incubation under anaerobic co…
🔴 Cronobacter spp. (milk powder)
Detection of Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) in milk powder and infant formula by pre-enrichment in BPW, selective enrich…
🦠 Vibrio spp. in food
Detection of potentially enteropathogenic Vibrio spp. (V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus) in food by enrichment in ASPW and is…
🧬 STEC/VTEC — Verotoxigenic E. coli
Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC) in food by real-time PCR method — detection of virulence genes (stx1, stx2, …
🦠 E. coli and coliform bacteria in water — MPN method with an enzymatic medium (Colilert-18 / Quanti-Tray)
Dehydrated Colilert-18 medium (defined substrate technology, ONPG/MUG) is added to 100 ml of water, the mixture is poured into a Quanti-Tray…
🦠 E. coli in surface water and waste water — miniaturised MPN method in microtitre plates (MUG)
Dilutions of the sample (1/2, 1/20, 1/200 and so on) in a special diluent with sea salt are inoculated in 200 µl portions into the wells of …
🦠 Spores of sulfite-reducing anaerobes (clostridia) in water — membrane filtration
The water sample is heated for 15 min at (75 ± 5) °C in order to kill the vegetative forms, filtered through a 0.2 µm membrane, the membrane…
🦠 Staphylococcus aureus in cosmetics — detection after enrichment in a broth with neutralisers and isolation on Baird-Parker agar
The cosmetic sample (≥ 1 g or 1 ml) is enriched in a non-selective broth with neutralisers (e.g. Eugon LT 100 with lecithin, polysorbate 80 …
🦠 Coliforms in food — colony-count technique (pour plates on VRBL agar)
1 ml portions of the sample or of the dilutions are inoculated by the pour-plate technique into two dishes, 15 ml of VRBL agar (44–47 °C) is…
🦠 Coliforms in food — detection and MPN in lauryl tryptose broth
Three tubes of double-strength lauryl tryptose (LST) broth without Durham tubes and three of single-strength broth with Durham tubes are ino…
🦠 Presumptive Escherichia coli in food — MPN (lauryl sulfate broth 37 °C → EC broth 44 °C → indole)
Three tubes of double-strength and three of single-strength lauryl sulfate broth (and the dilutions) are incubated for up to 48 h at 37 °C; …
🦠 Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in food — enumeration on ALOA agar (Ottaviani-Agosti)
0.1 ml portions (or 1 ml onto a large plate for low numbers) of the initial suspension and of the dilutions are spread onto Listeria agar ac…
🦠 Coagulase-positive staphylococci in food — colony-count technique on rabbit plasma fibrinogen agar (RPFA)
1 ml of the sample or of the initial suspension is inoculated as a pour plate and covered with 18–20 ml of RPF agar; after aerobic incubatio…
🦠 Coagulase-positive staphylococci in food — detection and MPN of low numbers (Giolitti-Cantoni broth)
The sample or the dilutions are inoculated into modified Giolitti-Cantoni broth with potassium tellurite and incubated anaerobically at 37 °…
🦠 Yeasts and moulds in products of aw > 0.95 — spread plate on DRBC agar, 25 °C, 5 days
The sample or the dilutions in 0.1 % peptone water are spread onto agar with dichloran, rose bengal and chloramphenicol (DRBC), incubated ae…
🦠 Osmophilic yeasts and xerophilic moulds in products with aw ≤ 0.95 — spread plate on DG18 agar, 25 °C, 5–7 days
The sample or the dilutions (a diluent with 20–35 % glycerol or glucose is recommended in order to avoid osmotic shock) are inoculated by th…
🦠 Campylobacter spp. in food — enumeration on mCCDA agar in a microaerobic atmosphere, 41.5 °C
0.1 ml of the initial suspension (or 1 ml on a large plate for low numbers) and of the dilutions is inoculated by the spread-plate technique…
🦠 Surface sampling in food establishments — contact plates, swabs, sponges and wipes
Techniques for sampling from surfaces in the environment of the food chain (contact plates or dipslides for flat surfaces, swabs for all sur…
🦠 Somatic cells in raw milk — fluoro-opto-electronic counters (disc or flow cytometry)
The milk sample is mixed in the instrument with a buffer and a fluorescent dye binding the DNA of the cell nuclei; every stained particle pa…
🦠 Mesophilic lactic acid bacteria in food — colony-count technique on MRS agar (pH 5.7), 30 °C, 72 h
1 ml portions of the sample or of the dilutions are inoculated by the pour-plate technique onto two plates, about 15 ml of MRS agar of pH 5.…
🦠 Enterobacteriaceae in food and feed — detection with enrichment in BPW and isolation on VRBG agar
The sample (e.g. 10 g + 90 ml) is enriched in buffered peptone water for 18 h ± 2 h at 37 °C (or 30 °C), streaked with a loop onto VRBG agar…
🦠 Escherichia coli in cosmetics — detection after enrichment in Eugon LT 100 broth and isolation on MacConkey agar
The cosmetic sample (≥ 1 g or 1 ml) is enriched in non-selective Eugon LT 100 broth with neutralisers, after which E. coli is isolated on se…
🦠 Aerobic mesophilic bacteria in cosmetics — colony count on SCDA/TSA agar (32.5 °C, 72 h) or detection after enrichment
The initial suspension of the cosmetic in a neutralising diluent (e.g. SCDLP 20) is inoculated by the pour-plate or the spread-plate techniq…
🦠 Candida albicans in cosmetics — detection after enrichment in Eugon LT 100 broth and isolation on Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol
The cosmetic sample (≥ 1 g or 1 ml) is enriched in non-selective Eugon LT 100 broth, the yeasts are isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with…
🦠 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cosmetics — detection after enrichment in Eugon LT 100 broth and isolation on cetrimide agar
The cosmetic sample (≥ 1 g or 1 ml) is enriched in non-selective Eugon LT 100 broth, P. aeruginosa is isolated on selective cetrimide agar (…
🦠 Yeasts and moulds in cosmetics — colony count on Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol (25 °C, 3–5 days)
The initial suspension of the cosmetic in a neutralising diluent (SCDLP 20) is inoculated by the pour-plate or the spread-plate technique on…
🦠 Trichinella larvae in meat — the artificial digestion method with a magnetic stirrer
To 100 g of comminuted meat (a pooled sample) 2 l of digestion fluid is added (16 ml of 25 % HCl + 10 g of pepsin 1:10 000 NF in water at 45…
🦠 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water — the MPN method with an enzymatic medium (Pseudalert / Quanti-Tray)
To 100 ml (or 250 ml divided into three portions) of water a packet of dehydrated Pseudalert medium (2.45 g) is added, it is poured into a Q…
🦠 Salmonella spp. in water — detection with pre-enrichment in BPW, selective enrichment (RVS, MKTTn) and plating on XLD
The water sample (up to 10 ml directly, larger volumes — even 1000–5000 ml — through a 0.45 µm membrane filter) is pre-enriched in buffered …
🦠 Clostridium perfringens in food and feed — pour plates with an overlay on TSC agar (37 °C, 20 h, anaerobically)
1 ml portions of the sample or of the dilutions are inoculated as pour plates in tryptose sulfite cycloserine (TSC) agar, covered with a lay…
🦠 Presumptive Pseudomonas spp. in meat and meat products — surface plating on CFC agar (25 °C, 44 h)
0.1 ml portions of the initial suspension and of the decimal dilutions are spread with a spreader on CFC agar (base medium with cephalothin …
🦠 Total count of micro-organisms in food and feed — surface plating on PCA agar at 30 °C (72 h)
0.1 ml portions of the liquid sample or of the initial suspension and of the decimal dilutions are spread over the surface of PCA agar, left…
🦠 Intestinal enterococci in water — MPN method with an enzymatic medium (β-D-glucosidase; Enterolert-DW / Quanti-Tray)
A dehydrated medium with an indicator substrate for β-D-glucosidase (Enterolert-DW) is added to the water sample, poured into a Quanti-Tray,…
🦠 Viable eggs of intestinal parasites (Ascaris, Trichuris, Toxocara) in sewage sludge — isolation by shaking, washing with centrifugation and flotation, microscopic examination
The reference method for sludge intended for use in agriculture and for reclamation. The viable eggs are isolated from a representative samp…
🦠 Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water — capsule filtration, immunomagnetic separation and immunofluorescence microscopy
A large volume of water (10–1000 l) is concentrated on a filtration capsule, the filter is washed out with an elution buffer and centrifuged…
🦠 Microcystins (cyanobacterial toxins) in water — solid-phase extraction and HPLC with UV detection at 238 nm
Water with cyanobacterial biomass is filtered, the biomass is extracted with a methanol/water 75/25 mixture, and the filtrate and the treate…
🦠 Somatic coliphages in water — the plaque method with two agar layers and an Escherichia coli host strain
The water sample is mixed with a small volume of semi-solid medium, a culture of the Escherichia coli host strain is added and the whole is …
🦠 Sampling of water for microbiological testing — bottles, inactivation of the disinfectant, transport (PN-EN ISO 19458)
A standard for the whole path of a microbiological sample: planning of the sampling programme, choice of the point, sterile containers, inac…
🦠 Coagulase-positive staphylococci in swimming pool water according to Annex A to PN-Z-11001-3 — a method from the standard on bottled waters
The method for determining coagulase-positive staphylococci in swimming pool water comes from ANNEX A to the standard on bottled mineral and…
🦠 Salmonella in soil — evaluation of the sanitary condition of soil
Detection of bacteria of the genus Salmonella in soil by a culture method — enrichment and differential-selective media, biochemical or sero…
🦠 Leak-tightness of hermetically sealed cans in metal, glass and plastic containers — in the scopes the vacuum method, PN-A-82055-4
Testing the leak-tightness of hermetically sealed canned products in metal, glass and plastic containers. The 1997 standard is current (stat…
🦠 Serotyping of pure cultures of Salmonella spp. — guidelines of Technical Report ISO/TR 6579-3
ISO Technical Report with guidelines for serotyping Salmonella — it applies to pure cultures of Salmonella spp., independent of the source o…
🦠 Stability of canned fruit, vegetable and vegetable-meat products — incubation test: 30 °C for 10 or 14 days, for export to tropical countries 55 °C for 5 days, PN-A-75052-03 (withdrawn)
Testing the stability of canned fruit, vegetable and vegetable-meat products by incubating the containers — according to the PKN card at 30 …
🦠 Carcass sampling for microbiological analysis — destructive methods (cork borer, template, poultry neck and breast skin), swabbing and carcass rinsing, sampling sites and sampling points, PN-EN ISO 17604
Methods of sampling the surface of carcasses and parts of carcasses of slaughtered animals for the detection and enumeration of microorganis…
🦠 Feedingstuffs — microbiological requirements and tests: presence of anaerobic spore-forming bacilli and Clostridium perfringens, count of fungi (yeasts and moulds), PN-R-64791
A Polish standard of 1994 with microbiological requirements and tests for all kinds of feedingstuffs (without requirements for meals of anim…
🦠 Sulfite-reducing Clostridium spp. in food, feed, environmental samples and samples from primary production — pour plate in iron sulfite agar with overlay, anaerobic incubation at 37 °C for 48 h, confirmation of colonies, optionally spores only after 10 min at 80 °C, PN-EN ISO 15213-1
Enumeration of sulfite-reducing Clostridium spp. in food, feed, environmental samples from food production and handling and in samples from …
🦠 Tightness of hermetically sealed containers (tin and glass) with fruit, vegetable and vegetable-meat products — two methods using a vacuum desiccator and a test by immersion in water, with interpretation of results, PN-90/A-75052/02 (withdrawn standard)
Testing whether a hermetically sealed container — a can or a jar with a fruit, vegetable or vegetable-meat product — is tight: according to …
🦠 Most probable number (MPN) of intestinal enterococci in surface water, bathing water and waste water by the miniaturized method — dilutions of the sample in a special diluent with sea salt, 200 µl each into the wells of 96-well microplates with dehydrated MUD/SF medium, incubation for 36–72 h at 44 °C ± 0,5 °C, wells with blue fluorescence under UV 366 nm positive, result MPN/100 ml with a 95 % confidence interval, PN-EN ISO 7899-1
Determination of the most probable number of intestinal enterococci in surface water and waste water by the miniaturized method: the diluted…
🦠 Enumeration of somatic cells in raw and chemically preserved milk by the microscopic method (reference method) — 0,01 ml of sample spread over a 1 cm² area of a slide, drying, staining with Newman-Lampert solution (≥ 15 min) or ethidium bromide (fluorescence microscope), counting of nucleated cells in a defined area and conversion with the working factor into cells per millilitre, PN-EN ISO 13366-1
Number of somatic cells (all nucleated cells — leucocytes and epithelial cells) in raw and chemically preserved cows’ milk, counted under a …
🦠 Determination and microbial characterization of the population of viable microorganisms (bioburden) on or in a health care product, component, raw material or package — representative selection of products and portions (SIP), neutralization or removal of inhibitory substances, removal of microorganisms (with assessment of its efficiency), culture under conditions chosen for the expected microorganisms and enumeration, applying a bioburden correction factor; excluding viruses, prions and protozoa and monitoring of the manufacturing environment, PN-EN ISO 11737-1
Bioburden is the population of viable microorganisms on a product before sterilization — knowing it is needed for validation and revalidatio…
🦠 Measurement of airborne microorganisms and microbial compounds at workplaces — general requirements: aim of measurement (worker exposure or biological characteristics of air), strategy with a sampling plan (agent, method and device, static or personal sampling, location, number, frequency and duration, transport), reference samples (outdoor air or air before work starts), and for determination — cell counting under the microscope, cultivation on agar media (CFU count) and determination of cell components (endotoxins, glucans, ergosterol); viruses excluded, PN-EN 13098
Microorganisms and their components in workplace air — bacteria, fungi, endotoxins, glucans, mycotoxins — are measured to assess workers’ ex…
🦠 Screening detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and SEE in foodstuffs — 25 g of sample with about 40 ml of water at 38 °C is homogenized, shaken for 30–60 min, acidified to pH 3.5–4.0, centrifuged (≥ 3130 g, 15 min), neutralized to pH 7.4–7.6, the extract is concentrated by dialysis in PEG solution to 5.0–5.5 g, and the toxins are detected with a commercial immunoenzymatic kit (e.g. ELFA, ELISA) meeting the criteria: sensitivity and specificity above 90 %, LOD50 below 0.06 ng/g; concentration mandatory for milk and dairy products, PN-EN ISO 19020
Staphylococcal enterotoxins are proteins produced in food by coagulase-positive staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus; they are resist…
🦠 Enumeration of sulfite-reducing bacteria growing under anaerobic conditions in food, feed and environmental samples from food production — 1 ml of the liquid sample or initial suspension and of further decimal dilutions (two plates each) is mixed with iron sulfite agar cooled to 44–47 °C, overlaid after solidification with 5–10 ml and incubated in anaerobic jars at 37 ± 1 °C for 24–48 h (if thermophilic bacteria are suspected, a second set at 50 ± 1 °C); black colonies (iron(II) sulfide) are counted on plates with fewer than 150 typical and fewer than 300 total colonies; optional heat treatment of the suspension gives the number of spores, PN-ISO 15213
Sulfite-reducing bacteria growing under anaerobic conditions form black colonies on agar with sulfite and iron(III) citrate — iron(II) sulfi…
🦠 Validation of methods for concentrating bacteriophages from water (when fewer than 3 plaque-forming particles per ml are expected) — spiking material from treated or raw sewage (centrifugation at 1000 g for 20 min or filtration through 8–12 µm, 60–200 pfp/ml, 5 % glycerol, 10 ml portions frozen at −20 or −70 °C) checked by the dispersion tests T1 (0.01 < T1 < 5.99) and T2 (< 3.84); for each water type at least five samples on different days and seasons, volumes of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 × Vmax spiked with 1 ml of material, recovery in the whole final concentrate, Dixon test for outliers; phages enumerated according to ISO 10705-1, -2 or -4; PN-EN ISO 10705-3:2025-06
When fewer than 3 plaque-forming particles per millilitre are expected in a water sample, bacteriophages are concentrated from a large volum…
🦠 Yeasts and moulds in food, feed and swabs — colony count technique at 25 °C: plates with a specified selective medium inoculated with the sample and its tenfold dilutions, aerobic incubation for 3, 4 or 5 days, number of yeasts and moulds per gram or millilitre; PN-ISO 7954:1999 (withdrawn standard)
General guidance for enumerating yeasts and moulds by the colony count technique at 25 °C: plates with a specified selective medium inoculat…
⛽ Petrochemistry
🔥 Flash Point Temperature by Pensky-Martens Method
Determination of flash point of petroleum products in the range 40–370°C by Pensky-Martens closed cup method. Key safety parameter for fuels…
💧 Kinematic Viscosity
Determination of kinematic viscosity of petroleum products using glass capillary viscometer at 40°C and 100°C. Fundamental parameter for oil…
⚖️ Density of Fuels and Oils
Determination of density of crude oil and petroleum products in range 600–1100 kg/m³ using oscillating U-tube density meter.
⛽ Sulfur Content in Fuels
Determination of sulfur content in automotive fuels in range 3–500 mg/kg by UV fluorescence method after combustion of sample in oxygen-rich…
💧 Water Content by Karl Fischer Method
Determination of water in petroleum products by coulometric Karl Fischer titration method in range 0.003–0.100% (m/m).
🧪 Acid Number (TAN)
Determination of acid number (TAN) of petroleum products and lubricants by potentiometric titration method. Result expressed in mg KOH/g sam…
🔢 Cetane Index of Diesel Fuel
Calculation of cetane index of middle distillate fuels based on density at 15°C and distillation temperatures at 10%, 50% and 90% recovery.
🧫 Distillation of Petroleum Products
Determination of fractional composition (distillation curve) of light and middle petroleum distillates at atmospheric pressure in temperatur…
🌫️ Cloud Point Temperature
Determination of cloud point of petroleum products — temperature at which paraffin crystals begin to precipitate causing fuel clouding.
❄️ Pour Point Temperature
Determination of pour point of petroleum products — lowest temperature at which product is still capable of flowing under standardized cooli…
⛽ Copper strip corrosion
Assessment of the corrosiveness of petroleum products and fuels towards copper by immersing a polished copper strip in the sample at elevate…
⛽ Ash content in petroleum products
Gravimetric determination of ash content in petroleum products by burning the sample and ashing the residue in a muffle furnace at 775°C.
⛽ Carbon residue (micro)
Determination of carbon residue after evaporation and pyrolysis of petroleum products in nitrogen atmosphere at 500°C. Indicator of coking t…
⛽ Oxidation stability of diesel fuel
Assessment of diesel fuel resistance to oxidation by 16-hour oxygen bubbling at 95°C and determination of insoluble sediment amount.
⛽ Color of petroleum products (ASTM scale)
Visual determination of petroleum product color by comparison with glass standards on ASTM scale (0.5–8.0). Rapid quality and purity control…
⛽ FAME content in diesel fuel
Determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME/biodiesel) content in diesel fuel by infrared spectrometry at 1745 cm⁻¹.
⛽ CFPP — Cold Filter Plugging Point
Determination of the lowest temperature at which diesel fuel flows through a standardized 45 µm wire mesh filter. Key parameter for winter f…
⛽ Research Octane Number (RON)
Determination of gasoline Research Octane Number (RON) on CFR engine by comparing knock intensity with reference fuel blends.
⛽ Total Base Number (TBN)
Determination of Total Base Number (TBN) of lubricating oils by potentiometric titration with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid.
⛽ Foaming characteristics of oils
Assessment of lubricating oil tendency to foam and its stability by air bubbling at controlled temperatures (24°C and 93.5°C).
⛽ Total contamination in diesel fuel
Determination of total contamination (insoluble matter) in diesel fuel by gravity filtration through a membrane. Critical quality parameter …
⛽ Fuel lubricity HFRR
Assessment of diesel fuel lubricity properties using HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) apparatus by measuring wear scar diameter on st…
⛽ Gasoline vapor pressure (DVPE/RVP)
Determination of gasoline vapor pressure by Reid method (RVP) or automatic DVPE method. Critical parameter of fuel volatility and safety.
⛽ Gum content in gasoline
Determination of existent gum content in gasoline by jet evaporation method with air or steam. Indicator of fuel stability and purity.
⛽ Penetration of lubricating greases
Determination of consistency (hardness) of lubricating greases by cone penetration method. Measurement of penetration depth of standard cone…
⛽ Dropping point of greases
Determination of temperature at which lubricating grease passes from semi-solid to liquid state and first drop falls from test cup. Indicato…
⛽ Sulfated ash of oils
Determination of sulfated ash content in lubricating oils with metalorganic additives. Measure of metal content (Ca, Mg, Zn, Ba) in additive…
⛽ Viscosity index (VI) of oils
Calculation of viscosity index (VI) of lubricating oils based on measured kinematic viscosity values at 40°C and 100°C. Measure of viscosity…
⛽ Demulsibility properties of oils
Assessment of oil ability to separate from water (demulsification). Critical parameter for turbine, hydraulic and circulating oils.
⛽ Density by hydrometer (hydrometry)
Laboratory determination of density of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products by hydrometer method at 15°C.
🔥 Calorific value (heat of combustion)
Determination of gross heat of combustion and net calorific value of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels by combustion of sample in a bomb calor…
⛽ Benzene content in gasoline
Determination of benzene content in unleaded gasoline by gas chromatography with FID detection. Key quality and environmental parameter of m…
💧 Water content by distillation method
Determination of water content (0–25% v/v) in petroleum products, tars and bituminous materials by azeotropic distillation with Dean-Stark r…
❄️ CCS apparent viscosity (low temp.)
Determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils at low temperatures (from −5°C to −40°C) using Cold Cranking Simulator. Key parameter for…
🧪 Olefin content in fuels
Determination of unsaturated hydrocarbon (olefin) content in fuels based on bromine number by electrometric titration method. Measure of fue…
⚗️ Aromatic hydrocarbon content in diesel fuel
Determination of monoaromatic, diaromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbon content in diesel fuel and middle distillates by HPLC method with ref…
⚙️ EP properties of lubricants — 4-ball test
Determination of extreme-pressure (EP) properties of lubricating fluids by four-ball steel method. Determination of load wear index (LWI), w…
🔍 Particle cleanliness class in hydraulic oils
Classification of solid particle contamination level in hydraulic and lubricating oils using automatic laser particle counter. Result as ISO…
⚖️ Density by pycnometer
Determination of density of crude petroleum and petroleum products using capillary or bicapillary pycnometer. Classical high-accuracy refere…
🧫 Water content — xylene distillation method
Determination of water content (0–25% v/v) in petroleum products, tars and bituminous materials by azeotropic distillation with xylene in De…
⛽ Needle penetration of bitumen
The consistence of bitumen as the depth to which a standardised needle penetrates at 25 °C under a load of 100 g in 5 s, in 0.1 mm. The desc…
⛽ Softening point of bitumen by the Ring and Ball method
Two discs of bitumen in brass rings with steel balls are heated in a bath at 5 °C/min; the temperature at which the balls have fallen 25 mm …
🔥 Ash in solid fuels (coal, coke) — gravimetric method at 815 °C
Combustion of about 1 g of the analysis sample in air with a prescribed rate of temperature rise up to 815 ± 10 °C and weighing of the resid…
🔥 Volatile matter in coal and coke — gravimetric method at 850 °C
Heating of 1 ± 0.1 g of the analysis sample in a closed crucible with no access of air at 850 °C for 7 min; the volatile matter is the loss …
🔥 Moisture in the analysis sample of hard coal — drying in nitrogen
Drying of 1 g of coal in a stream of nitrogen at 105–110 °C for at least 60 min to constant mass; the moisture from the loss of mass, the me…
🔥 Total sulfur in coal — combustion in oxygen at 1350 °C with IR detection
Combustion of 0.2–0.5 g of coal in a stream of oxygen at 1350 °C in an analyser with an IR detector (SO2), calibration with reference materi…
🔥 Caking power of hard coal — the Roga method (the Roga index)
Carbonisation of 1 g of coal with 5 g of reference anthracite under a load at 850 °C for 15 min, then three drum treatments of the coke butt…
🔥 Total moisture of solid biofuels — the reference method (drying at 105 °C)
Drying of ≥ 300 g of sample (pellets, wood chips, sawdust) in air at (105 ± 2) °C to constant mass, weighing while hot with a correction for…
🔥 Ash in solid biofuels — ashing at 550 °C
Ashing of ≥ 1 g of the analysis sample (< 1 mm) with the programme: to 250 °C in 30–50 min, held for 60 min, to (550 ± 10) °C in 30 min and …
🔥 Volatile matter in solid biofuels — heating at 900 °C for 7 min
Heating of a test portion of the analysis sample in a closed silica crucible with no access of air at (900 ± 10) °C for 7 min; the volatile …
🔥 Gross and net calorific value of solid biofuels — bomb calorimeter
Combustion of a test portion of biofuel in oxygen at a pressure of 3 MPa in a bomb calorimeter calibrated with benzoic acid; the gross calor…
🔥 Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in solid biofuels — instrumental method (combustion)
Combustion of a known mass of sample in oxygen (or in oxygen with a carrier gas), reduction of the nitrogen oxides to N2, removal of interfe…
🔥 Total sulfur and chlorine in solid biofuels — bomb combustion or digestion, IC/ICP
Digestion of the fuel by combustion in oxygen in a bomb with absorption of the acid gases (method A) or digestion in closed vessels (method …
⛽ Flash and fire points — the Cleveland open cup method
Heating of the sample in an open cup (5–17 °C/min, then 5–6 °C/min) and passing of a test flame every 2 °C; the flash point 79–400 °C and th…
⛽ Sulfur in petroleum products — energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)
The sample in a cell with a film in the X-ray beam; the intensity of the characteristic radiation of sulfur is compared with a calibration c…
⛽ Total contamination in diesel fuels and middle distillates — membrane filtration
Filtration of a weighed test portion of about 800 ml of fuel under vacuum through a weighed membrane filter, washing, drying and weighing; t…
⛽ Oxidation stability of FAME and of diesel fuel with FAME — the accelerated oxidation method (Rancimat)
A stream of purified air (10 ± 1 l/h) through the sample at 110 °C; the volatile acids pass into water with a conductometric electrode — a s…
⛽ Ester and linolenic acid methyl ester contents in FAME — gas chromatography
GC-FID with a Carbowax 20M capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) and an internal standard — nonadecanoic acid methyl ester (C19:0); 25…
⛽ Hydrocarbon composition of LPG (propane, butane) — gas chromatography
Separation of the C2–C5 hydrocarbons of LPG on packed columns (di-n-butyl maleate, oxydipropionitrile or sebaconitrile), detection by TCD or…
⛽ Corrosiveness of LPG to copper — the copper strip test
A polished copper strip immersed for 1 h in 100 ml of water-saturated LPG at 40 °C in a test bomb; visual assessment against the corrosion s…
⛽ Diesel fuel — requirements and test methods, PN-EN 590
The product standard for diesel fuel: it sets out the requirements the fuel must meet and points to the method by which each of them is to b…
⛽ Unleaded petrol — two grades, requirements and test methods, PN-EN 228
The product standard for unleaded petrol. It sets requirements for TWO grades differing in the admissible oxygen and ethanol content — the s…
⛽ Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) — as a fuel and as a component, PN-EN 14214
The product standard for FAME. It covers TWO ways of use: as a 100 % FAME fuel in engines and installations adapted for it, and as a compone…
⛽ Automotive LPG — requirements and test methods, PN-EN 589
The product standard for liquefied petroleum gas used as an automotive fuel. It completes the pair PN-EN 590 and PN-EN 228 with a third road…
⛽ Total moisture in hard coal — drying in nitrogen or in air — PN-ISO 589
The standard gives two ways of determining total moisture in hard coal. The methods carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere are suitable for al…
⚖️ Moisture, volatile matter and ash in solid fuels — thermogravimetric analyser — PN-G-04560
Three determinations of the proximate analysis of a solid fuel — moisture, volatile matter and ash — carried out in one cycle by an automati…
🧪 Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in solid fuels — ultimate analysis, macro method — PN-G-04571
A rapid method for determining three elements of the ultimate analysis of a solid fuel — carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen — with automatic anal…
🜍 Total sulphur and ash sulphur in solid fuels — automatic analysers — PN-G-04584
The standard covers two different determinations of sulphur in a solid fuel: total sulphur — in the fuel sample, and ash sulphur — remaining…
🔥 Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net calorific value of solid fuels — PN-ISO 1928
The gross calorific value is determined by burning the sample in a bomb calorimeter calibrated with benzoic acid; the net calorific value is…
⛽ Moisture content of hard coal and coke — gravimetric method (PN-80/G-04511)
Gravimetric determination of moisture in solid fuels: free moisture, moisture in the analysis sample and — by calculation — total moisture. …
⛽ Moisture content — SIMPLIFIED methods for coal, coke and char (PN-G-04611)
Simplified gravimetric methods for determining free moisture, moisture in the analysis sample and total moisture in hard coal, coke, semi-co…
🌱 Determination of trace elements in solid biofuels (PN-EN ISO 16968)
Determination of thirteen trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn) in all solid biofuels: digestion of the sample …
♻️ Determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur in solid recovered fuels (PN-EN ISO 21663)
Instrumental determination of the total content of C, H, N and S in solid recovered fuels (SRF), with micro and macro instruments. It replac…
🔥 Gross calorific value and net calorific value of solid fuels — PN-G-04513:1981 (standard WITHDRAWN, still listed in a regulation)
A Polish standard of 1981 on the determination of the gross calorific value and the calculation of the net calorific value of solid fuels. P…
🔥 Moisture in the general analysis sample of solid biofuels — PN-EN ISO 18134-3
Determination of moisture in the general analysis sample of solid biofuels by drying the sample in an oven. The card requires that it always…
♻️ Ash content of solid recovered fuels (SRF) — PN-EN ISO 21656
Methods for the determination of the ash content of all solid recovered fuels; the standard replaced PN-EN 15403:2011. In accreditation scop…
♻️ Gross calorific value and net calorific value of solid recovered fuels (SRF) — PN-EN ISO 21654
Determination of the gross calorific value at constant volume and at 25 °C in a combustion vessel calorimeter calibrated with certified benz…
🔥 Volatile matter in hard coal and coke — gravimetric method, heating without access of air at 900 °C for 7 min; ISO 562:2024 (Polish PN-ISO 562:2000 withdrawn on 14-12-2010)
Determination of volatile matter in hard coal and in coke according to an international standard: the sample is heated without access of air…
🔥 Chlorine in hard coal, brown coal and coke — combustion with Eschka mixture, determination by the Volhard method, the Mohr method or potentiometric titration with an ion-selective electrode; PN-ISO 587:2000
Determination of the chlorine content of hard coal, brown coal and coke: the sample is burned with Eschka mixture, and chlorine is determine…
🔥 Total moisture of coke — heating in air at 120–200 °C to constant mass, gravimetric method; PN-ISO 579:2002 (ISO 579:1999), current ISO 579:2013
Determination of total moisture in coke from hard coal: according to the PKN card, a specified mass of coke is heated in air at a temperatur…
⛽ Superior and inferior calorific value, density, relative density and Wobbe indices of natural gas and other gaseous fuels — calculation from the composition in mole fractions; PN-EN ISO 6976:2016-11
A calculation standard: the superior calorific value, the inferior calorific value, the density, the relative density and the superior and i…
⛽ Manual sampling of crude oil and liquid fuels from tanks, rail and road tankers, drums and pipelines — spot samples from levels, running and all-level samples; PN-EN ISO 3170
Manual sampling of liquid and semi-liquid hydrocarbons — crude oil, fuels and intermediate products — from tanks, rail and road tankers, shi…
🔥 Moisture in the general analysis test sample of coke — gravimetric method, drying 1 g in air at 120–200 °C to constant mass; PN-ISO 687
Moisture in the general analysis test sample of coke (blast-furnace coke, foundry coke and other products of high-temperature carbonization)…
⛽ Density at 15 °C and vapour pressure of liquefied petroleum gases LPG calculated from the molar composition (gas chromatography according to ISO 7941) and component factors; PN-EN ISO 8973
The density of liquid LPG at 15 °C and its vapour pressure at 37.8, 40, 50 or 70 °C are calculated — not measured — from the molar compositi…
♻️ Total moisture of solid recovered fuels (SRF) — drying the whole sample at 105 °C to constant mass with buoyancy correction, CEN/TS 15414-1
Reference method for determining the total moisture of solid recovered fuels: the whole sample (at least 300 g) is dried in air at (105 ± 2)…
♻️ Biomass content (biodegradable fraction) of solid recovered fuels — 14C method, selective dissolution and manual sorting, PN-EN ISO 21644
Three methods for determining the biomass content of solid recovered fuels: the 14C content method, selective dissolution and manual sorting…
🔥 Gross calorific value of liquid fuels in a bomb calorimeter and net calorific value calculated from empirical formulae — fuel oils, heavy fuel oil (mazut), diesel fuels, aviation fuels, PN-C-04062
Determination of the gross calorific value (heat of combustion) of liquid fuels in a bomb calorimeter and calculation of the net calorific v…
🔥 Ash content of hard coal, lignite and coke — ashing and weighing; since amendment Az1:2002 without slow ashing, PN-G-04512
Determination of the ash content of solid fuels by the gravimetric method: according to the card of the 1980 edition, the standard gave the …
🧪 Total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in hard coal, brown coal and coke — simultaneous combustion in oxygen and instrumental gas analysis (CO2, H2O, N2), ISO 29541
Determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in coal and coke in one instrumental procedure: the sample is burnt in oxygen at high t…
⛽ Elastic recovery of bituminous binders in a ductilometer at the test temperature (usually 25 °C or 10 °C) — the specimen is stretched into a thread to 200 mm, cut into two halves, and the distance between their ends is measured after 30 min, result in percent, PN-EN 13398
Determination of the elastic recovery of bituminous binders in a ductilometer: the specimen is stretched into a thread and cut in the middle…
🔥 Sampling and preparation of samples of hard coal and brown coal — PN-G-04502
Taking primary increments from a lot of hard coal and brown coal (conveyors, wagons, trucks, ships, stockpiles), combining them into a gross…
🔥 Total moisture of solid biofuels — simplified method, drying at 105 °C — PN-EN ISO 18134-2
Moisture content of solid biofuels on the as-received basis — drying the sample at 105 °C to constant mass and calculating the loss of mass,…
🔥 Sulfur, chlorine, fluorine and bromine in solid recovered fuels (SRF) — combustion in an oxygen bomb — PN-EN 15408
Sulfur, chlorine, fluorine and bromine in solid recovered fuels (SRF): combustion of the sample in a bomb with oxygen under pressure, absorp…
⛽ Volatile matter content of solid recovered fuel (SRF) — loss in mass of the general analysis sample heated without access of air at (900 ± 10) °C for 7 min in a crucible with lid, less the loss due to moisture determined according to ISO 21660-3; electric furnace regaining temperature within 4 min after insertion of a cold stand, quartz or porcelain crucible 10–14 g, gravimetric method, PN-EN ISO 22167
Determination of volatile matter in solid recovered fuels (SRF) — fuels produced from non-hazardous waste. The general analysis sample in a …
🔥 Sampling of solid biofuels (sawdust, pellets, chips, nut shells, baled straw, large pieces, vegetable and fibrous waste, thermally treated and densified biomass, roundwood) from the place of growth, production plant, deliveries and stock — sampling plan (full and brief), sampling certificate, division of lots into sub-lots (manually up to 2500 t), visual inspection, minimum number of increments nmin = 4Vi/(NSL·PL² − 4VPT) (at least 10 unless otherwise agreed), manual and mechanical methods, PN-EN ISO 18135
Sampling of solid biofuels so that every particle of the lot has the same chance of being included in the sample: the standard requires a sa…
⛽ Determination of the oxidation stability of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, biodiesel) by the accelerated oxidation test — purified air at 10 l/h flows through the sample at 110 °C, volatile oxidation acids are absorbed in water, and the end of the induction period is marked by a rapid increase of its conductivity (up to 48 h), PN-EN 14112
The oxidation stability of FAME is the induction period in hours: purified, dried air (10 ± 1 l/h) is passed through the sample heated to 11…
⛽ Checking for free water in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) by visual inspection — the sample is transferred from the sample cylinder into a transparent 250 ml pressure cylinder filled to about half, cooled in a freezer for at least 1 h below 0 °C and inspected for ice lumps at the bottom; result “pass” (no ice) or “fail” (ice), PN-EN 15469
Free water in LPG is detected by freezing: the sample from the sample cylinder is transferred into a transparent 250 ml pressure cylinder fi…
⛽ Determination of the iodine value of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, biodiesel) by titration — a 0,13–0,15 g sample is dissolved in a mixture of cyclohexane and acetic acid, 25 ml of Wijs reagent is added, after 1 h in the dark potassium iodide and water are added and the liberated iodine is titrated with 0,1 mol/l sodium thiosulfate against a blank; result in g iodine/100 g, PN-EN 14111
The iodine value of FAME is the mass of iodine absorbed by the sample, in grams per 100 g: 0,13–0,15 g of sample is dissolved in 20 ml of a …
⛽ Determination of individual organic oxygenate compounds (C1–C5 alcohols, ethers MTBE, ETBE, TAME, ETAE, ketones) in the range 0,17–15 % (m/m) and of total organically bound oxygen up to 3,7 % (m/m) in unleaded petrol with a final boiling point not greater than 220 °C — the first capillary column isolates the oxygenates, the second separates them, flame ionisation detection (FID), calibration with an internal standard, result in % (m/m) or % (V/V), PN-EN 13132
The oxygenates are isolated from the petrol on a first capillary column, then separated on a second one and determined individually with a f…
🔥 Determination of mechanical durability of solid biofuel pellets — a test portion of (500 ± 10) g of pellets, after removal of particles smaller than 3.15 mm, is tumbled in a dust-tight stainless steel box with a baffle (300 × 300 × 125 mm) for 500 rotations at (50 ± 2) r/min, sieved through a sieve with round holes of 3.15 mm and the material remaining on the sieve is weighed; result in mass percent, two test portions, PN-EN ISO 17831-1
Mechanical durability tells how pellets resist shocks and abrasion during handling and transport. A portion of pellets, from which particles…
⛽ Determination of free and total glycerol and mono-, di- and triglycerides in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) — 80–125 mg of sample with four internal standards (1,2,4-butanetriol, glycerol mono-, di- and trinonadecanoate) is silylated with MSTFA in pyridine, diluted with n-heptane and analysed by GC-FID on a 15 m column programmed to 370 °C; limit of quantification 0.001 % (m/m) for free glycerol and 0.10 % (m/m) for glycerides; total glycerol by calculation, PN-EN 14105
Residual glycerol and glycerides in biodiesel (FAME) are determined by gas chromatography after conversion into silyl derivatives. To 80–125…
🔥 Determination of the acid value of light-coloured fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by titration — about 20 g of sample (± 0.001 g) is dissolved in 100 ml of neutralised mixture of ethanol and diethyl ether (1 + 1) and titrated with ethanolic KOH 0.1 mol/l against phenolphthalein to a colour persisting for at least 15 s; range 0.10–1.00 mg KOH/g, result to two decimal places, repeatability 0.02 and reproducibility 0.06 mg KOH/g, PN-EN 14104
The acid value of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, biodiesel) is determined by titration: about 20 g of sample is dissolved in 100 ml of a ne…
⛽ Determination of the resistance of bitumens and bituminous binders to hardening under the influence of heat and air by the RTFOT method (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test) — binder in glass containers on a rotating carriage (15 r/min) in an oven with a fan, with dried air blown at 4,0 l/min into each container, at the reference temperature of 163 °C for 75 min; assessment by change in mass or change in properties (penetration, softening point, viscosity) before and after conditioning, PN-EN 12607-1
The RTFOT method simulates the hardening that most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant: a thin moving film o…
⛽ Determination of water content in ethanol as a blending component for petrol by Karl Fischer coulometric titration — a weighed test portion of 1–2 ml is injected with a syringe below the anolyte surface in the titrator vessel, where iodine is generated coulometrically at the anode; the amount of water follows from the charge (Faraday’s law); range (0,039–0,500) % (m/m), result to 0,001 % (m/m), PN-EN 15489
Ethanol added to petrol must have a controlled water content. The standard determines it directly by Karl Fischer coulometric titration: a w…
🔥 Determination of the methanol content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel and heating fuel by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) — specimen heated in a hermetically sealed vial at 80 °C to equilibrium, injection of part of the gas phase, internal calibration with 2-propanol (procedure A) or external calibration (procedure B) on three solutions of methanol in reference FAME, required methanol/2-propanol resolution of at least 1,5, range 0,01–0,5 % (m/m), PN-EN 14110
Methanol remaining in biodiesel after transesterification is determined without dissolving the sample: FAME is heated in a closed vial at 80…
🔥 Determination of sulfur content in liquid, homogeneous automotive fuels (diesel with FAME up to about 30 %, gasoline with ethanol up to about 10 %, HVO and GTL) by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF) — measurement of the count rates of the S K-L2,3 line and background, calibration curve x = a + b R0 + c R0² from solutions of dibutylsulfide or dibutyldisulfide in white oil (for pure FAME — in methyl oleate), ranges 5–60 and 60–500 mg/kg, polychromatic or monochromatic excitation, PN-EN ISO 20884
Sulfur in gasoline, diesel and synthetic fuels is determined without burning the sample: the liquid in a cup with polyester film is irradiat…
🍎 Food Chemistry
🥩 Protein — Kjeldahl method
Classical method for determining total protein in food based on nitrogen content (N × conversion factor). Reference method in food analysis …
🧈 Fat — Soxhlet extraction
Determination of crude fat by multiple extraction with organic solvent (petroleum ether) in Soxhlet apparatus. Classical reference method.
🔥 Total ash in food
Determination of ash (mineral substances) content in food by combustion in a muffle furnace at 550°C. Measure of mineral content.
💧 Moisture in food (drying)
Determination of moisture content in food by drying in laboratory oven at 103 ± 2°C to constant mass. Basic food analysis parameter.
🧂 Salt (NaCl) in food
Determination of sodium chloride (NaCl) content in food by argentometric titration (Mohr or Volhard method). Key quality and safety paramete…
🌡️ Water activity (aw)
Measurement of water activity (aw) in food — ratio of water vapor pressure over sample to vapor pressure over pure water. Critical parameter…
🍎 Pesticide multi-residue (QuEChERS)
Multi-residue analysis of pesticide residues in food by QuEChERS method (acetonitrile extraction + dSPE) with GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS detectio…
⚗️ Heavy metals in food (ICP-MS)
Determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) and trace elements in food by microwave mineralization + ICP-MS. Sensitivity at sub-ppb level…
🍄 Mycotoxins — aflatoxins, ochratoxin A
Determination of mycotoxins (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and ochratoxin A) in food by immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup with HPLC-FLD detec…
🐟 Histamine in fish (HPLC)
Determination of histamine in fish and fishery products by HPLC with dansyl chloride derivatization and UV detection. Mandatory test for Sco…
🍎 Vitamin C — HPLC
Determination of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in food by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. Key nutritional value…
🍎 Sugar profile — HPLC
Determination of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol in food by HPLC with refractive index detector (RID). Basic sugar composition anal…
🍎 Preservatives (sorbates, benzoates) — HPLC
Determination of sorbic acid and benzoic acid (preservatives E200, E210) in food by HPLC-UV. Control of permitted food additives.
🍎 Dietary fiber — enzymatic-gravimetric
Determination of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber in food — Enzymatic-gravimetric method (AOAC 991.43). Nutritional value paramet…
🍎 Nitrites and nitrates in meat
Determination of nitrites (NO₂⁻) and nitrates (NO₃⁻) in meat and meat products. Control of curing salts (E249–E252) usage in meat industry.
🍎 Acidity of fats (acid value)
Determination of acid value and acidity in edible fats and oils by alkalimetric titration. Indicator of fat quality and freshness.
🎨 Synthetic Food Dyes (HPLC)
Identification and quantitative determination of synthetic food dyes (tartrazine, sunset yellow, azorubine, allura red etc.) in food by HPLC…
🥜 Food Allergens (ELISA)
Quantitative determination of food allergens (gluten, milk, egg, peanuts, soy etc.) in food by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) usi…
🍎 Free fat in meat and meat products — extraction with a solvent (Soxhlet)
A dried test portion of 5–8 g of meat is extracted with n-hexane or light petroleum (at least 6 h in a Soxhlet apparatus); after the solvent…
🍎 Hydroxyproline (collagen) in meat — hydrolysis in sulfuric acid, oxidation with chloramine T, photometry at 558 nm
About 4 g of the sample is hydrolysed for 16 h at 105 °C in sulfuric acid 3 mol/l; after filtration and dilution the hydroxyproline is oxidi…
🍎 Peroxide value of oils and fats — iodometry with a visual endpoint
The sample is dissolved in a mixture of isooctane and glacial acetic acid, potassium iodide is added, and the iodine liberated by the peroxi…
🍎 Iodine value of oils and fats — Wijs reagent, titration with thiosulfate
A test portion of the fat (from 0.13 to 10 g depending on the expected iodine value) is dissolved in cyclohexane with acetic acid, 25 ml of …
🍎 Anisidine value of oils and fats — reaction with p-anisidine, spectrometry at 350 nm
A solution of the fat in isooctane (0.4–4.0 g in 25 ml) reacts with a solution of p-anisidine in glacial acetic acid for 10 min in the dark;…
🍎 Freezing point of milk — thermistor cryoscope (detection of the addition of water)
A portion of 2.5 ml of milk is supercooled in a thermistor cryoscope, freezing is initiated and the highest temperature of the plateau of th…
🍎 Bulk density of cereal grain (mass per hectolitre) — the routine method, 1 l density meter
The mass per hectolitre is determined from the mass of the grain filling the measuring container (for example 1 l) under defined conditions …
🍎 Falling number (α-amylase activity) in wheat, rye and flours — the Hagberg-Perten method
A suspension of 7 g of flour (at a moisture content of 15 %) in 25 ml of water is gelatinised in a viscometer tube in a boiling bath, stirre…
🍎 Fatty acid composition of oils and fats — methyl esters (FAME), gas chromatography GC-FID
The fatty acids (free and bound in acylglycerols) are converted into methyl esters (according to ISO 12966-2 or -3), separated on a capillar…
🍎 Nitrates and nitrites (nitrates(V) and nitrates(III)) in milk powder, cheeses and caseins — cadmium reduction, spectrometry at 538 nm
The sample is dispersed in warm water, the fat and the proteins are precipitated (zinc sulfate, hexacyanoferrate) and it is filtered; in par…
🍎 Nitrates and nitrites in meat products — reduction with nitrate reductase, the Griess reaction, spectrometry at 540 nm
An aqueous extract of 10 g of the homogenised sample (pH 8.0–8.5, 15 min in a boiling bath, clarification with Carrez reagents) reacts with …
🍎 Total nitrogen and protein in agricultural food products — the Kjeldahl method (mineralisation, distillation, titration)
The sample is mineralised in concentrated sulfuric acid with a catalyst (selenium, copper) and potassium sulfate, the ammonia is distilled o…
🍎 Overall migration from plastics into aqueous food simulants — total immersion, the gravimetric method
Test specimens of an area of about 1 dm² are immersed in a food simulant (water, 3 % acetic acid, 10 % ethanol) under chosen conditions of t…
🍎 Lead and cadmium released from ceramic ware — extraction with 4 % acetic acid for 24 h, flame AAS
At least four identical articles are filled with 4 % acetic acid (the simulant) for 24 h, and the lead and the cadmium in the extract are de…
🍎 Stability of canned meat — the thermostatic test (incubation at 37 °C or 55 °C, assessment of blowing)
The cans are incubated in an incubator at 37 ± 1 °C (7 days up to 1 kg, 10 days above 1 kg; pasteurised ones 3 days) or at 55 ± 1 °C (5 days…
🍎 Analysis of milk and liquid milk products by mid-infrared spectrometry (MIR/FTIR)
After pretreatment and homogenisation the milk sample is passed through the flow cell of a spectrometer, which measures the absorption of mi…
🍎 Total extract (dry soluble residue) in processed fruit and vegetable products — refractometry
The refractive index of the juice is measured and the mass percentage of sucrose is read from the sugar scale of the refractometer — that is…
🍎 Total and ADDED phosphorus in meat and meat products (a withdrawn standard, with no successor)
Determination of total phosphorus in meat and meat products (including poultry products) and the CALCULATION of added phosphorus. The standa…
🥟 Chemical testing of ready-to-eat delicatessen products according to PN-A-82100 — standard withdrawn, still in the scopes
One standard from 1985 contains A DOZEN OR SO separate chemical methods — from water content to peroxide value — and that is why laboratorie…
🍎 Bread — organoleptic evaluation and physicochemical tests, PN-A-74108
The national standard for test methods for bread: organoleptic evaluation with scoring of quality and determination of volume, moisture, aci…
🍎 Common salt (sodium chloride) in meat and meat products — PN-A-82112
The national standard for determining the common salt content of meat and meat products. Amendment Az1:2002 deleted the text on the Volhard …
🍎 Canned fish — stability, tightness, proportion of the aqueous layer and organoleptic evaluation, PN-A-86732
The national standard for quality testing of canned fish: a list of 22 methods, 13 of which are described in detail, a division into full, p…
🍎 Sulphur dioxide in fruit and vegetable products — iodometric (routine) and distillation (reference) method, PN-A-75101-23
Determination of sulphur dioxide in fruit and vegetable products by the two methods named on the PKN card: iodometric (routine — direct titr…
🍎 Soft drinks — sampling and tests: sensory, extract, acidity, CO₂, alcohol, bacteria, PN-A-79033
An umbrella standard for soft drinks: according to the PKN card sampling, 3 kinds of sensory tests, 17 physicochemical and 5 microbiological…
🍎 Nitrates and nitrites in fruits, vegetables and their products — spectrophotometric method, PN-A-75112
Determination of nitrates and nitrites in fruits, vegetables and their products, including food for infants and young children. The standard…
🍎 Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from oils and fats — four methods: rapid transmethylation with KOH in methanol (5.2), general alkaline–acidic procedure (5.3), BF3 (5.4) and acid-catalysed transmethylation (5.5), PN-EN ISO 12966-2
Methods for converting fatty acids from vegetable and animal oils and fats, fatty acids and soaps into methyl esters (FAME) before gas chrom…
🍎 Fruit and vegetable juices — soluble solids content (total extract) from the measurement of the refractive index, reading in percent by mass of sucrose (°Brix), acidity correction for citrus juices and temperature corrections, PN-EN 12143 (withdrawn standard)
Determination of the soluble solids content of fruit and vegetable juices by measuring the refractive index and reading the result in percen…
🍎 Fatty acid composition of oils and fats (including erucic acid, trans isomers, omega-3 acids) — separation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) on a polar capillary column with a flame ionization detector, calculation from area percentages, with correction factors or with an internal standard, PN-EN ISO 12966-4
Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), prepared from the fat according to PN-EN ISO 12966-2 or 12966-3, by capillary gas chromato…
🍽️ Lead and cadmium released from glass, glass-ceramic and enamel (contact with food) — PN-EN 1388-2
Reference method for determining lead and cadmium released from silicate surfaces of glass, glass-ceramic and enamel intended for contact wi…
🧂 Determination of chloride content (as sodium chloride) of meat and meat products, including poultry, with a NaCl content of at least 0,25 % (m/m) — dispersion of approx. 50 g of sample in 450 g of water, acidification of 50 ml of the suspension with nitric acid and potentiometric titration with 0,0856 mol/l silver nitrate using a silver electrode to the inflection point of the curve, result to the nearest 0,1 % (m/m), PN-ISO 1841-2
Chloride content of meat and meat products (including poultry) expressed as sodium chloride: approx. 50 g of sample is blended with 450 g of…
🍎 Determination of titratable acidity of fruit and vegetable juices — 25 ml of sample is titrated potentiometrically with sodium hydroxide solution 0.25 mol/l to pH 8.1; result in millimoles H+ per litre (with 25 ml and 0.25 mol/l equal to the titrant volume times 10) or, after multiplying by a factor, as tartaric, malic or anhydrous citric acid in g/l, PN-EN 12147
Titratable acidity is the total content of mineral and organic acids of a juice, determined by titration. 25 ml of sample at 20 °C is transf…
🍎 Determination of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in foodstuffs by ICP-MS — the sample is pressure-digested according to EN 13805, the solution diluted, internal standards (rhodium, lutetium) and gold stabilizing mercury added, and the elements measured on selected isotopes with correction of isobaric and polyatomic interferences; calibration with at least three solutions at the same nitric acid concentration, PN-EN 15763
Arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in foodstuffs are determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The sample is pressure-dige…
🍎 Determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron and chromium in foodstuffs by AAS after dry ashing — 10–20 g of sample is ashed in a platinum or quartz crucible with a temperature increase of at most 50 °C per hour to 450 °C, the ash is moistened with water and re-ashed until white or grey, dissolved with hydrochloric acid 6 mol/l, evaporated and dissolved in nitric acid 0.1 mol/l; zinc, copper and iron usually by flame, lead, cadmium and chromium usually by graphite furnace with the method of additions, PN-EN 14082 (withdrawn)
Metals in foodstuffs are determined here after dry ashing of the sample. 10–20 g of sample is heated in a crucible from a temperature not hi…
🍎 Determination of nitrate and nitrite in meat products by ion-exchange chromatography — 10 g of sample is homogenized with 50 ml of water at 50–60 °C, 50 ml of acetonitrile is added, made up to 200 ml and filtered through a fluted filter and a 0.45 µm membrane; the extract is separated on an anion exchanger with a lithium borate gluconate mobile phase with acetonitrile (pH 6.5) and measured at 205 nm; validation: nitrate 50–300 mg/kg, nitrite approx. 40 mg/kg, PN-EN 12014-4
Nitrate and nitrite in cured meats and other meat products are determined by ion-exchange chromatography with UV detection. 10 g of homogeni…
🍎 Determination of nitrogen content by the Kjeldahl method and calculation of crude protein in animal feeding stuffs — 0.3–1.0 g of sample is digested in a tube in a block heated to 420 °C with 12 ml of sulfuric acid and two catalyst tablets (potassium sulfate and copper sulfate), the ammonia released after addition of sodium hydroxide is steam-distilled into boric acid and titrated with 0.1 mol/l hydrochloric acid to the first pink colour or to pH 4.6; crude protein = nitrogen × 6.25; nitrogen content above 0.5 %, PN-EN ISO 5983-2
Nitrogen in animal feeding stuffs is determined by the Kjeldahl semi-micro method: the sample (approx. 1.0 g at 3–30 % protein, 0.5 g at 30–…
🍎 Determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron in foodstuffs by AAS after microwave digestion — portion corresponding to 0.2–0.5 g dry matter, usually 5 ml nitric acid (at least 65 %) and 2 ml hydrogen peroxide 30 % in a closed vessel (about 100 ml, at least 1.4 MPa), power programme according to the oven manufacturer, solution made up to at least 25 ml; Pb and Cd in a graphite furnace with platform (283.3 nm and 228.8 nm), Zn, Cu and Fe in an air–acetylene flame (213.9 nm, 324.7 nm, 248.3 nm), with background correction and usually the standard addition method; the method is not for oils, fats and very fatty products, PN-EN 14084
Lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron in foodstuffs are determined after digestion in closed vessels in a microwave oven: a portion correspon…
🍎 Determination of formaldehyde and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) in food simulants (water, 3 % acetic acid, 15 % ethanol, rectified olive oil) — HMTA is decomposed by heating with acid to formaldehyde, which reacts with chromotropic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid (measurement at 574 nm, 10 mm cell, external standard); confirmation by reaction with pentane-2,4-dione and ammonium acetate (410 nm); approximately (3,0–30) mg formaldehyde/kg simulant, CEN/TS 13130-23
Formaldehyde and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) are monomers used in the manufacture of certain plastics intended to come into contact with f…
🍎 Guide to the selection of conditions and test methods for overall migration from plastics intended to come into contact with food — types of test (migration tests with food simulants, substitute tests with iso-octane, 95 % ethanol and modified polyphenylene oxide, alternative tests with volatile media, extraction tests), food simulants A–D, choice of simulant by food type (Tables 1 and 2) and reduction factors 2–5 for fatty foods, PN-EN 1186-1
Overall migration is the mass of material transferred from a plastic into a food simulant or test medium. Part 1 of EN 1186 does not describ…
🍎 Determination of sulfite in foodstuffs expressed as sulfur dioxide by the optimized Monier-Williams method — the test portion (50 g or a quantity containing 500–1500 µg SO2) in ethanol–water mixture is heated with refluxing hydrochloric acid 4 mol/l for 105 min, nitrogen (200 ml/min) sweeps sulfur dioxide through the condenser into 3 % hydrogen peroxide, and the generated sulfuric acid is titrated with 0.010 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution against methyl red; foodstuffs with at least 10 mg/kg sulfite, PN-EN 1988-1
Sulfite is used as a food preservative, and many countries regulate its use. The optimized Monier-Williams method measures free sulfite plus…
🍎 Determination of low-level residues of dithiocarbamate fungicides and thiuram disulfide in non-fatty foods as a sum expressed as carbon disulfide — the test portion (up to 200 g, baby food 400 g) is boiled for 30 min with tin(II) chloride solution in hydrochloric acid, the released CS2, purified in traps with sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, is absorbed in methanolic potassium hydroxide solution as potassium xanthogenate, and its absorption is measured at 302 nm with correction at 272 and 332 nm; calibration curve 1–40 µg CS2, PN-EN 12396-3
Dithiocarbamate fungicides and thiuram disulfide (e.g. mancozeb, maneb, propineb, thiram, zineb) release carbon disulfide under specified co…
🍎 Determination of fluoride in animal feeding stuffs by ion-selective electrode after hydrochloric acid treatment — 0.5 g of ground sample is stirred for 20 min with 20 ml of 1 mol/l HCl at ambient temperature, 50 ml each of sodium acetate and sodium citrate solutions are added, the pH is set to 5.5 ± 0.1, made up to 200 ml in a plastic flask and, after filtration or centrifugation, the fluoride electrode potential is measured; calibration 0.1–10 mg/l, standard addition from 40 mg/kg, interpolation below 40 mg/kg; the fluoride content corresponds to fluorine in Regulation (EU) No 574/2011, PN-EN 16279
Fluorine in feed is subject to limits in EU legislation, and animals take up mainly fluoride from readily soluble compounds. PN-EN 16279 ext…
🍎 Determination of cadmium and lead in animal feeding stuffs by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) after pressure digestion — about 0.5 g of sample is digested with 3 ml of nitric acid (in a microwave also with 0.5 ml of hydrogen peroxide) in a pressure vessel, the solution is diluted and measured at 228.8 nm (Cd) and 283.3 nm (Pb) with background correction and a palladium–magnesium modifier against matrix-matched external calibration; extractable lead in minerals and feeds with phyllosilicates — boiling 2 g with diluted nitric acid, PN-EN 15550
Cadmium and lead in animal feeds are determined from hundredths of a milligram per kilogram upwards. PN-EN 15550 digests the sample with nit…
🍎 Determination of total phosphorus in meat and meat products (including poultry) as phosphorus pentoxide — about 5 g of sample is dried and ashed according to ISO 936, the ash is dissolved in 10 ml of 1 + 2 nitric acid on a water bath for 30 min, the solution is made up to 100 ml and filtered, and 20 ml of filtrate with 30 ml of vanadate–molybdate reagent are measured after at least 15 min at 430 nm against a 10–60 µg P2O5/ml curve; result in % (m/m) to three decimal places, PN-ISO 13730 (standard withdrawn in PKN)
Total phosphorus in meat and meat products is determined as phosphorus pentoxide, and in some accreditation scopes added phosphorus is also …
🍎 Determination of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sulphur, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and cobalt in animal feeding stuffs by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after pressure digestion — about 0.5 g of sample is digested with 3 ml of nitric acid (in a microwave also with 0.5 ml of hydrogen peroxide), the solution diluted and emission measured at the lines in Table 1 with matrix-matched external calibration or standard addition; molybdenum, lead, cadmium and arsenic only after in-house validation; quantification limit normally 1 mg/kg, PN-EN 15621
Major and trace elements in animal feeds — from calcium and phosphorus to copper, zinc and cobalt — are determined together by one multi-ele…
🍎 Determination of silver, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium, thallium, uranium and zinc in foodstuffs by ICP-MS — the sample is pressure-digested with nitric acid according to EN 13805 (low-water foods after adding water), the digest made up (e.g. to 20 ml) and usually diluted tenfold, and the elements measured with an argon-plasma mass spectrometer, with an internal standard (e.g. Rh, In, Lu), calibration in the linear range and interference removal by a collision or reaction cell, MS/MS or high resolution; result as total content in mg/kg or mg/l, PN-EN 17851
Lead, cadmium, arsenic, nickel and other trace elements in food are determined at the level of thousandths of a milligram per kilogram. PN-E…
🍎 Determination of the peroxide value of animal and vegetable fats and oils, fatty acids and their mixtures, margarines and fat spreads with potentiometric end-point determination — 5.0 g of sample (10.0 g for a value ≤ 1) is dissolved in 50 ml of glacial acetic acid–isooctane 60 : 40, 0.5 ml of saturated potassium iodide is added, stirred for exactly 60 s, 30–100 ml of water is added and the liberated iodine is titrated with 0.01 mol/l sodium thiosulfate using a combined platinum electrode; result in milliequivalents of active oxygen per kilogram, range 0–30 meq/kg, PN-EN ISO 27107
The peroxide value states how much of the substances in a fat that oxidize potassium iodide are present, expressed as active oxygen. PN-EN I…
🍎 Determination of milk fat purity (detection of vegetable and animal fats, e.g. beef tallow and lard) by gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides with a flame ionization detector — fat is isolated from butter by melting and filtering through sodium sulfate at 50 °C, from milk on a silica gel column, by the Röse–Gottlieb method or from cheese according to ISO 14156; a 5 % solution (packed column) or ≤ 1 % (short capillary column) separates triglycerides by carbon number C24–C54, and S-values calculated from their fractions are compared with the limits for pure milk fat; reference method, PN-EN ISO 17678
Milk fat purity is the absence of vegetable and animal fats in a fat that should be exclusively milk fat — in butter, cream, milk, milk powd…
🍎 Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk (including low-fat and skimmed) and milk powder — the sample is passed through a column with antibodies against aflatoxin M1, the matrix is washed off with water, the toxin is eluted and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection against standards of 0.05–0.80 ng/ml; limit of detection 0.005 µg/kg in milk and 0.05 µg/kg in milk powder, limit of quantification 0.01 and 0.1 µg/kg, PN-EN ISO 14501
Aflatoxin M1 — according to the standard a substance carcinogenic to humans — is determined in milk and milk powder at the level of hundredt…
🍎 Recommended methods for sensory evaluation of milk and milk products by a trained panel — responsibilities and requirements of the panel leader, preparation of the session (samples coded with three-digit random numbers, booths, palate cleansers), test room (lighting 6500 K, 800–1500 lx, constant temperature, no foreign odours) and for each product sampling and sample preparation, evaluation temperature (butter and cheese 14 ± 2 °C, milk reconstituted from powder 22 ± 2 °C) and attributes assessed: appearance, odour and flavour, consistency; for use with the scoring method (Part 3), profiling and discrimination tests, PN-ISO 22935-2
Sensory evaluation of milk and milk products — appearance, odour, flavour and consistency — requires repeatable conditions: a trained panel,…
🍎 Determination of moisture content of cereals and cereal products (wheat, rice, barley, millet, rye, oats, triticale, sorghum — grains, milled grains, semolina, flour) by the reference method — a sample of suitable particle size (or ground, with moisture outside 9–15 % after preconditioning) of 5 ± 1 g is dried in an oven at 130–133 °C for 120 ± 5 min (flour 90 min), cooled in a desiccator and weighed; moisture = mass loss in g/100 g, mean of two determinations to 0.01; not for maize or pulses, PN-EN ISO 712-1
The moisture content of cereals and cereal products is determined as the loss of mass on drying under fixed conditions. PN-EN ISO 712-1 is a…
🍎 Detection of cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) in cocoa butter and plain chocolate — fat from 10–40 g of grated chocolate is extracted with a non-chlorinated solvent, a 0.5 mg/ml solution is separated by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography with cold on-column injection and FID, the triacylglycerols POP, POS, POO, SOS and SOO are identified against the certified cocoa butter IRMM-801, and from the proportions of POP, POS and SOS (normalized to 100 %) it is checked whether POP < 44.025 − 0.733 × SOS; qualitative result: CBEs present or absent, PN-EN ISO 23275-1
Cocoa butter equivalents are vegetable fats (including palm, shea, sal, illipe, mango kernel) added to chocolate instead of cocoa butter; th…
🍎 Quantification of cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) in cocoa butter and plain chocolate — 4–5 g of grated chocolate is hydrolysed for 15 min in boiling hydrochloric acid, the residue dried and extracted with light petroleum in a Soxhlet apparatus for 4 h (fat content in g/100 g), the fat in a 0.5 mg/ml solution is separated by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography with FID into the triacylglycerols POP, POS, POO, SOS and SOO, calibrated against the certified cocoa butter IRMM-801, and the CBE content in cocoa butter is calculated with the PLS regression equation: 37.439 + 1.175 POP − 1.939 POS − 0.121 POO + 0.982 SOS − 0.097 SOO (g/100 g) and converted to chocolate, PN-EN ISO 23275-2
The amount of cocoa butter equivalents in chocolate matters because EU rules allow them only up to a certain level — according to the introd…
🍎 Determination of the non-fat solids content of butter by the reference method — about 5 g of sample (warmed in a closed container to not more than 35 °C and mixed without breaking the emulsion) is dried in a dish at 102 ± 2 °C for at least 15 h (or about 30 min on a boiling water bath and 30 min in the oven), the fat is washed out with at least five portions of 15 ml of light petroleum (30–60 °C) or pentane through a sintered glass crucible of 16–40 µm, rinsed with 25 ml of solvent, and the dish with glass rod and crucible is dried at 102 °C to constant mass; result in % by mass to two decimal places, PN-EN ISO 3727-2
The non-fat solids of butter are the mass of what remains after evaporation of water and removal of fat; the ISO 3727 series for butter has …
🍎 Determination of cyclamate in foodstuffs by high performance liquid chromatography — sodium cyclamate is extracted from the sample with water (liquid products and products giving a clear solution — dilution to about 400 mg/l; semi-solid products, chocolate and fat emulsions — clarification with Carrez reagents, for chocolate and mayonnaise after defatting with light petroleum), 20 ml of the solution is converted with sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite into N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine, extracted with n-heptane and determined on a reversed phase (C18, methanol–water 80:20) with UV detection at 314 nm; external standard calibration, result as cyclohexylsulfamic acid in mg/kg or mg/l without decimal places, PN-EN 12857
Cyclamate is a synthetic sweetener determined in beverages, fruit preserves, desserts and confectionery. PN-EN 12857 (EN 12857:1999) extract…
🍎 Determination of fat content by the Weibull-Berntrop gravimetric method (reference method) in milk and liquid, concentrated or dried milk products for which the Röse-Gottlieb method does not work (high free fatty acids, lumps, non-milk ingredients insoluble in ammonia — e.g. flans, oat porridges, some dairy products for bakeries), and in fresh cheese, also with fruit, syrup or muesli — the test portion is boiled with hydrochloric acid of about 20 %, the hot solution is filtered through a moistened filter paper retaining the fat, the filter is dried, the fat is extracted with n-hexane or light petroleum 30–60 °C in a Soxhlet-type apparatus, the solvent is evaporated and the residue weighed; result in percent by mass, with blank tests of the solvent (≤ 1,0 mg) and filters (≤ 2,5 mg), PN-ISO 8262-3
Fat in milk and milk products is usually determined by the Röse-Gottlieb method, but this fails when the product contains much free fatty ac…
🍎 Qualitative detection of genetically modified organisms (GMO) and derived products in foodstuffs (also in feed and plant samples) by nucleic acid based methods — DNA extracted according to ISO 21571 is amplified by PCR (detection by electrophoresis or in real-time PCR, confirmation by hybridization, restriction digestion or sequencing) for taxon-specific, screening (e.g. the 35S promoter), construct-specific or event-specific sequences; with controls and criteria from ISO 24276, primer optimization (18–30 nucleotides, about 60 °C), an amplicon of 60–150 bp for highly degraded DNA; result “target sequence detected / not detected” with the limit of detection and reference material, PN-EN ISO 21569
Detection of GMOs in food and feed is based on amplification of DNA fragments specific to the plant, to screening elements (e.g. the 35S pro…
🍎 Quantitative determination of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in foodstuffs (also in feed and plant samples) by PCR methods — real-time PCR or competitive PCR measures a GMO-specific sequence and an endogenous taxon-specific sequence, and the result is given as their ratio in percent; calibration with a suitable number of points and replicates (e.g. 4 × 2 or 6 × 1) using reference materials (preferably certified) or plasmid or synthetic dsDNA with equivalent behaviour; DNA from each test portion in at least two replicates; consistency criteria — deviations between dilutions ± 33 %, between test portions from −50 % to +100 % (ΔCt = 1); result “X ± uncertainty %” or qualitative when either sequence is below the LOQ, PN-EN ISO 21570
The amount of GMO in food is usually expressed as the percentage ratio of DNA specific to the modified plant to DNA specific to the species.…
🍎 Determination of crude fibre content in tea by a gravimetric method — 2–3 g of sample ground to pass a 1 mm sieve is boiled for 30 min with 200 ml sulfuric acid (c(½H2SO4) = 0,255 mol/l), filtered through a wet filter paper, transferred into a flask with 200 ml sodium hydroxide (0,313 mol/l) and boiled for 30 min, the residue is transferred to a sintered glass crucible, washed with water, hydrochloric acid, ethanol and acetone, dried at 103 °C to constant mass (m1) and ashed at 550 °C for at least 1 h (m2); crude fibre = (m1 − m2) in percent by mass of the sample on a dry matter basis (from moisture according to ISO 1573), PN-ISO 15598
Crude fibre is the matter in tea that remains insoluble after successive boiling with dilute acid and alkali and burns in a furnace. PN-ISO …
🍎 Determination of lead, cadmium, chromium and molybdenum in food by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) — solution after pressure digestion according to EN 13805 without further treatment, spectrometer with background correction (Zeeman recommended) and pyrolytically coated tubes with or without a L'vov platform, modifiers (magnesium nitrate, palladium with magnesium nitrate, ammonium phosphate with magnesium nitrate, palladium with ascorbic acid), wavelengths Pb 283,3 nm, Cd 228,8 nm, Cr 357,9 nm, Mo 313,3 nm; calibration or standard addition, blanks and reference materials in every series; result in mg/kg, PN-EN 14083
Lead, cadmium, chromium and molybdenum occur in food in trace amounts, so their determination requires a sensitive technique and careful pro…
🍎 Determination of constituents (moisture, fat, protein, starch, crude fibre) and technological parameters (e.g. digestibility) in animal feeding stuffs, cereals and milled cereal products by near infrared spectrometry (NIR, 770–2500 nm) — reflectance or transmittance measurement, conversion of the spectrum to content by a calibration model developed on representative samples and validated locally on an independent set of at least 20 samples (bias, slope, SEP, RMSEP), instrument stability checks and control charts of NIR–reference differences; PN-EN ISO 12099:2017-10
NIR analysers give moisture, protein, fat, fibre or starch in feed or grain within a minute, but the result is only as good as the calibrati…
🍎 Determination of caffeine content in regular and decaffeinated green and roasted coffee beans and in regular and decaffeinated coffee extract (instant coffee) by HPLC — extraction of 1 g (or 0.5 g of extract) with water at 90 °C for 20 min in the presence of magnesium oxide, purification of an aliquot of the filtrate on a small column of silica modified with phenyl groups, separation on a C18 column with methanol/water 30 + 70 at 40 °C, UV detection 254–280 nm (caffeine maximum 272 nm), result in g caffeine per 100 g dry matter; PN-ISO 10095:1997 (withdrawn 01.08.2018)
Caffeine content decides whether coffee may be called decaffeinated and is a basic determination in coffee testing. PN-ISO 10095 describes t…
🍎 Determination of sucralose in foodstuffs by HPLC — soluble samples are dissolved in water, incompletely soluble ones (pastries, chewing gum, yoghurt, ketchup, mayonnaise) are mixed with water at 40–60 °C and, if necessary, clarified with modified Carrez solutions; clean-up on C18 SPE cartridges 500 mg, elution with methanol/water 1 + 3, separation on an RP-18 column 250 × 4 mm at 35 °C, refractive index (RI) detector at 30 °C or ELSD; at least 5 standard solutions (e.g. 20–100 mg/l), result in mg/kg or mg/l; validation 83–737 mg/kg; PN-EN 16155:2012
Sucralose is determined in beverages, sweets, yoghurts, ketchup, mayonnaise or beverage powders. PN-EN 16155 describes the determination of …
🍎 Detection and quantification of food allergens and allergenic ingredients in foodstuffs by antibody-based methods (ELISA and other immunoassays) — framework for qualitative and quantitative methods, guidelines and performance criteria for methods detecting proteins or peptides that are markers of the presence of allergy-provoking foods, requirements for laboratories, procedure, interpretation of results and factors influencing the result; used together with EN 15842; PN-EN 15633-1:2020-03
Laboratories test foods for allergens, e.g. soy protein, with ready-made ELISA kits. PN-EN 15633-1 is not the procedure of a single test but…
🍎 Determination of elements and their chemical species in foodstuffs — performance criteria for the selection of methods of analysis, performance requirements and characteristics, guidelines for laboratory set-up, sample preparation (edible part, washing with drinking and purified water, homogenization without contamination and losses, titanium or ceramic tools for Cr, Mo, Ni, Fe), storage (including for speciation analysis of Hg, Sn, Cr, Se and As — temperature, pH, light, time), expression of results and test report; PN-EN 13804:2013-06
Determining lead, cadmium, mercury or arsenic in food starts long before the spectrometer — with choosing the edible part, washing, size red…
🍎 Determination of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, lead, selenium, thallium, uranium and zinc in animal feed by ICP-MS after pressure digestion with concentrated nitric acid (≥ 210 °C, also microwave with hydrogen peroxide); extractable lead in minerals and feeds containing phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolinite) after boiling with diluted nitric acid; external calibration or standard addition, internal standard (rhodium), protection of mercury against adsorption (HCl or gold); limits of quantification usually 0.03–5.0 mg/kg; PN-EN 17053:2018-03
The content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic) and trace elements (copper, zinc, selenium, cobalt, molybdenum) is controlled …
🍎 Alkalinity of animal and vegetable fats and oils without distinguishing between alkaline constituents (e.g. sodium soaps in imperfectly refined oils, calcium soaps from bones) — test portion of up to 40 g depending on colour and expected result, dissolved in 100 ml of aqueous acetone with bromophenol blue at 40 °C and titrated warm (30–40 °C) with 0.01 mol/l hydrochloric acid until the colour changes from blue to yellowish green; result as mg sodium oleate per kg (S = 304 000·V·c/m) or % NaOH (A = 4·V·c/m), mean of two determinations; not for dry melted animal fats or fats with acidity above 60 %; PN-EN ISO 10539:2002
Soaps remaining in oil after imperfect refining or calcium soaps from bones in animal fats are determined together as alkalinity. PN-EN ISO …
🍎 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) activity in raw and heat-treated milk (whole, semi-skimmed, skimmed, flavoured) and milk-based drinks from cows, sheep and goats, and in reconstituted milk powder — continuous direct kinetic assay: the non-fluorescent substrate 2′-[2-benzothiazolyl]-6′-hydroxybenzothiazole phosphate in diethanolamine buffer pH 10 is hydrolysed by ALP to a highly fluorescent product, read at 38 °C for 3 min (first minute for temperature equilibration), filter fluorimeter with excitation at 440 nm and emission at 520–560 nm, calibration with Fluoroyellow® solutions 0 / 17.24 / 34.48 × 10⁻³ µmol/l; result in mU/l up to 7000 mU/l, above that dilution with ALP-free milk (heated 5 min at 95 °C, < 10 mU/l); PN-EN ISO 11816-1:2024-07
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme of milk whose activity is determined in raw and heat-treated milk. PN-EN ISO 11816-1 describes a fluorimet…
🍎 Detection of foods containing crystalline sugars that have been treated with ionizing radiation — analysis of the electron spin resonance (ESR, also EPR) spectrum of the sample: radiation produces radicals in solid and dry parts of the food, and a multicomponent ESR spectrum proves prior irradiation (absence of the spectrum does not prove that the sample was not irradiated); validated in interlaboratory studies on dried figs, mangoes, papayas and raisins (about 0.5–7 kGy); condition — sufficient crystalline sugar, dried fruits must not be rehydrated; PN-EN 13708:2022-08
Ionizing radiation leaves radicals in the crystalline sugar of food that can be detected spectroscopically. PN-EN 13708 describes the detect…
🍎 Detection of irradiated food containing mineral debris (silicates, calcite from shells or exoskeletons, hydroxyapatite from bones or teeth) by photostimulated luminescence (PSL) — non-destructive screening measurement of PSL intensity compared with a lower threshold T1 and an upper threshold T2 (negative, intermediate, positive signal) and an optional calibrated measurement after irradiating the sample with a defined dose (PSL sensitivity); a positive screening result is confirmed by calibrated PSL or another standardized (EN 1784–EN 1788) or validated method; validated on shellfish and on herbs, spices and seasonings; PN-EN 13751:2009
Mineral debris present on most foods — silicates, calcite from shells, hydroxyapatite from bones — stores energy when exposed to ionizing ra…
🍎 Unsaponifiable matter content of animal and vegetable fats and oils (not waxes) — about 5 g of sample saponified for 1 h under reflux with 50 ml of about 1 mol/l ethanolic KOH, three extractions with 50 ml of hexane each (or light petroleum 40–60 °C), washing of the extract with 10 % ethanol until no colour with phenolphthalein, evaporation, drying of the residue at 103 °C for 15 min periods until the mass difference is below 1.5 mg, blank ≤ 1.5 mg, optional correction for free fatty acids (0.28·V·c); result in % by mass as the mean of two determinations; results systematically lower than with the ISO 3596 method; PN-EN ISO 18609:2002
Unsaponifiable matter — sterols, higher hydrocarbons and alcohols, as well as foreign organic matter such as mineral oils — is the part of a…
🍎 Lactose content of all types of dried milk, dried ice-mixes (also in the presence of other carbohydrates and reducing substances) and processed cheese — test portion of at least 1 g dissolved in water at 40–50 °C, deproteination with potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), zinc sulfate and NaOH, filtration, hydrolysis of lactose with β-galactosidase and oxidation of galactose with β-galactose dehydrogenase and NAD+, absorbance of NADH at 340 nm in a 1 cm cell, correction for galactose present in the sample; recovery check with lactose standard solution 100 % ± 2 %; result in % by mass; PN-ISO 5765-2:2015-09
Lactose in dried milk, dry ice-cream mixes and processed cheese is determined enzymatically: β-galactosidase splits it into glucose and gala…
🍎 Nitrogen content of liquid whole or skimmed milk — semi-micro rapid routine method: smaller test portion digested in 250 ml tubes in a heating block with concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide (about 30 g/100 ml) and potassium sulfate with a catalyst (e.g. tablets with copper(II) sulfate and titanium dioxide, without selenium or mercury), liberation of ammonia with excess NaOH, steam distillation into boric acid and titration with 0.1 or 0.05 mol/l hydrochloric acid (manually, semi-automatically or automatically with photometric or pH end point); result in % by mass; PN-EN ISO 8968-3:2008
The PN-EN ISO 8968 series describes the determination of nitrogen in milk: Part 1 by the Kjeldahl method, Part 2 by block digestion (macro).…
🍎 Fat content of cereals, cereal-based products and animal feeding stuffs (not oilseeds or oleaginous fruits) — procedure A: crude fat extracted directly; procedure B: total fat after 1 h boiling with 3 mol/l hydrochloric acid (with preliminary extraction at fat content ≥ 150 g/kg); test portion of 1–5 g ground < 1 mm, extraction with light petroleum (30–60 °C) in a two-stage Randall apparatus — 20 min in boiling solvent, 40 min rinsing, 10 min recovery — drying of cups for 2 h at (103 ± 2) °C and weighing to 0.1 mg; result in % by mass to 0.1 %; r = 0.25 (A) and 0.35 (B), R = 0.63 (A) and 1.10 (B) g/100 g; PN-EN ISO 11085:2015-10
Fat in cereals and feeds is determined gravimetrically after extraction with light petroleum. PN-EN ISO 11085 describes two procedures: A — …
🍎 Calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium and zinc in all animal feeding stuffs — atomic absorption spectrometry; limits of determination according to the description of the standard: potassium and sodium 500 mg/kg, calcium and magnesium 50 mg/kg, copper, iron, manganese and zinc 5 mg/kg; flame AAS (FAAS) in accreditation scopes; PN-EN ISO 6869:2002
An atomic absorption spectrometric method for determining the contents of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium and…
🍎 Formol number of fruit and vegetable juices and related products — after adding formaldehyde solution, the H+ ion released from each amino acid molecule is titrated potentiometrically with NaOH solution; result in ml of 0.1 mol/l NaOH per 100 ml of sample as a measure of the amino acid content (histidine, proline and hydroxyproline react incompletely); PN-EN 1133:1999 (withdrawn standard)
A method for determining the formol number of fruit and vegetable juices and related products: after adding formaldehyde solution, one H+ io…
🍎 pH of all kinds of meat and meat products, including poultry — reference method: measurement of the potential difference between a glass electrode and a reference electrode placed in the sample or in an extract of the sample; also non-destructive measurement in carcasses, quarters and muscles; PN-ISO 2917:2001 + Ap1:2002
A reference method for measuring the pH of all kinds of meat and meat products, including poultry: the potential difference between a glass …
🍎 Nitrites and nitrates in meat and meat products — a standard of 1974, spectrophotometric method in accreditation scopes, result expressed as NaNO2, NaNO3, KNO3 or as ions; PN-A-82114:1974 (usually written PN-74/A-82114 in scopes), withdrawn and replaced by PN-EN 12014-3:2006
A Polish standard of 1974 on the determination of the nitrite and nitrate content of meat and meat products. PN-A-82114:1974 was withdrawn o…
🍎 Potassium iodide in salt (sodium chloride) — photocolorimetric method: iodides are oxidised with bromine to iodates, excess bromine is bound with phenol, the iodates are converted to iodine in an acidic medium, and the iodine is determined as the blue complex with starch at 590 nm; PN-C-84081-35:1980 (withdrawn standard)
A Polish standard of 1980 from the series of test methods for salt (sodium chloride): iodides are oxidised with bromine to iodates, excess b…
🍎 pH of fruit and vegetable juices — potentiometric determination with a pH meter calibrated with buffer solutions; in accreditation scopes also fruit and vegetables, their products, nectars, purées and non-alcoholic beverages; PN-EN 1132:1999 (withdrawn standard)
A method for determining the pH of fruit and vegetable juices: potentiometric measurement with a pH meter calibrated with buffer solutions; …
🍎 Total phosphorus in meat and meat products — reference gravimetric method: the sample is mineralised with sulphuric and nitric acid, phosphorus is precipitated as quinoline phosphomolybdate, and the precipitate is dried and weighed; PN-ISO 2294:1999 (withdrawn standard)
A Polish standard of 1999, adopting ISO 2294:1974, with the reference method for determining total phosphorus in meat and meat products: the…
🍎 Polar compounds in animal and vegetable oils and fats — determination of the content of compounds formed during the heating of fats, used to assess the deterioration of frying fats; gravimetric method in accreditation scopes; PN-EN ISO 8420:2004 with corrigendum AC:2008
A method for determining the content of polar compounds in animal and vegetable oils and fats — compounds formed during the heating of fats;…
🌿 Environmental
🌿 PAH in soil (GC-MS)
Determination of 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Key test for soil contaminat…
🌿 Heavy metals in soil (ICP-OES)
Multi-element determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Hg) in soil after acid digestion, by ICP-OES method. Basic test for…
🌿 TPH in soil (C10–C40)
Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the C10–C40 range in soil by gas chromatography with FID detection. Basic test for fu…
🌿 Soil pH determination
Potentiometric determination of soil pH in suspension with water (pH_H₂O) or KCl solution (pH_KCl). Basic agrochemical and environmental par…
🌿 Environmental noise measurement
Measurement of sound level (noise) in the environment using Class 1 sound level meter. Assessment of compliance with permissible noise level…
🌿 Acute toxicity test — Daphnia magna
Biological acute toxicity test using Daphnia magna (water flea) — determination of EC50 (concentration causing 50% immobilization) after 24 …
🌿 SO₂ in air (UV fluorescence)
Continuous automatic measurement of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) concentration in ambient air by ultraviolet fluorescence method. Reference air qual…
🌿 Radon measurement in buildings
Measurement of average radon (²²²Rn) concentration in indoor air of buildings using passive detectors (alpha tracks). Mandatory testing in e…
🌿 Microtox® test — Vibrio fischeri
Biological toxicity test for water and wastewater based on inhibition of bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri (Aliivibrio fischeri) bacteria. …
🌿 Waste leaching test (L/S=10)
Single-stage waste leaching test at liquid-to-solid ratio 10 L/kg. Basic test for waste classification regarding acceptability for disposal …
⚠️ Asbestos in building materials
Identification and determination of asbestos fiber content in building materials using polarized light microscopy (PLM) and scanning electro…
🌫️ PM10 / PM2.5 particulate matter concentration in air
Gravimetric determination of PM10 and PM2.5 suspended particulate matter mass concentration in ambient air. Reference method for EU air qual…
🏭 Volatile organic compounds in emissions
Determination of mass concentration of individual volatile organic compounds (VOC) in waste gases from stationary sources by sorption on act…
📳 Mechanical Vibration Measurement
Measurement and assessment of mechanical vibrations affecting humans — whole-body vibrations and hand-arm vibrations at workplaces according…
📡 Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement
Measurement of electric (E) and magnetic (H) field intensity at workplaces in the range 0 Hz – 300 GHz. Determination of protection zones an…
☠️ Dioxins and PCBs (GC-HRMS)
Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF) and dioxin-like PCBs by high-resolution gas chromatography m…
🌿 Noise in the working environment — the exposure level referred to an 8-hour working day
Measurement of the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level, of the maximum A-weighted sound pressure level and of the peak C-w…
🌿 Hot thermal environment — the WBGT index
Screening assessment of the heat stress on a worker in a hot environment: measurement of the natural wet bulb temperature, of the temperatur…
🌿 Moderate thermal environment — the PMV and PPD indices
Analytical assessment of thermal comfort in a moderate environment: from the air temperature, the mean radiant temperature, the air velocity…
🌿 Cold thermal environment — the required clothing insulation IREQ
Assessment of the cold stress by calculating from the heat balance of the body the required clothing insulation (IREQ) for the measured para…
🌿 Hand-transmitted vibration — the daily exposure A(8)
Measurement of the frequency-weighted (Wh) r.m.s. acceleration of vibration at the handles of tools in three axes, calculation of the vector…
🌿 Whole-body vibration — daily exposure A(8)
Measurement of the frequency-weighted r.m.s. acceleration of vibration on the seat, the floor or the platform in three axes, selection of th…
🌿 Inhalable fraction of the aerosol (dust) at workplaces — gravimetric method
Drawing of a known volume of air from the breathing zone of the worker through a sampler with a filter retaining the inhalable fraction of t…
🌿 Respirable fraction of the aerosol (dust) at workplaces — gravimetric method
Drawing of a known volume of air through a sampler with a pre-separator (e.g. a cyclone) retaining the coarse particles and through a filter…
🌿 Illuminance and uniformity of electric lighting at workplaces
Measurement of the illuminance with a luxmeter at the points of a grid on the working plane (the task area, the immediate surrounding area, …
🌿 Emergency (escape) lighting — illuminance on the escape route and in the open area
Checking whether, after a failure of the supply of the normal lighting, the emergency lighting provides the required illuminance on the floo…
🌿 Iron oxides in workplace air — flame AAS
Sampling of the respirable (or of the inhalable) fraction of the aerosol of iron oxides on a cellulose ester membrane filter, hot mineralisa…
🌿 Manganese and its compounds in workplace air — flame AAS
Parallel sampling of the inhalable and of the respirable fraction of the aerosol of manganese on membrane filters, mineralisation with conce…
🌿 Sound power level of machines — survey method (accuracy grade 3)
Determination of the A-weighted sound power level (or of the sound energy level) of a machine from the sound pressure levels measured on a h…
🌿 Total gaseous organic carbon (TVOC) in waste gases — FID method
Continuous measurement of the mass concentration of volatile organic compounds in waste gases, expressed as total organic carbon (TVOC, mg C…
🌿 Hydrogen chloride (gaseous chlorides) in waste gases — manual absorption method
Sampling of a known volume of waste gases with a heated probe through a heated filter (≥ 160 °C) and a series of gas-washing bottles with ch…
🌿 Soil pH in water, in KCl and in CaCl₂ — potentiometric method
Routine determination of pH (2–12) with a glass electrode in a 1:5 (by volume) suspension of a sample of soil, sludge or treated biowaste in…
🌿 Dry matter and water content of soil — gravimetric method (105 °C)
Drying of a sample of soil to constant mass at 105 ± 5 °C and calculation from the difference of masses of the dry matter content (% m/m) an…
🌿 Electromagnetic field in the working environment — electric field strength E and magnetic field strength H, protection zones
Measurement of the root-mean-square value of the electric field strength E [V/m] and of the magnetic field strength H [A/m] at the places wh…
🌿 Loss on ignition (550 °C) of sludges, biowaste, soil and waste — gravimetric method
Ignition of a weighed portion of the sample (0.5–5 g) in a furnace at a temperature of 550 ± 25 °C to constant mass and calculation from the…
🌿 Dust in waste gases (low concentrations) — manual gravimetric method
Isokinetic sampling of a known volume of gas at the points of the measurement grid through a previously weighed flat filter, recovery of the…
🌿 Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in waste gases — manual reference method with absorption in H₂O₂
Sampling of the gas with a heated probe through a filter into gas-washing bottles with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (0.3 % or 3 %), in wh…
🌿 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) in waste gases — chemiluminescence (reference method)
Continuous measurement of NO, NO₂ and NOx with a chemiluminescence analyser (the reaction of NO with ozone, an NO₂→NO converter) fed through…
🌿 Oxygen (O₂) in waste gases — paramagnetic analyser (reference method)
Continuous measurement of the volume concentration of oxygen in waste gases with a paramagnetic analyser fed through a probe, a filter, a li…
🌿 Carbon monoxide (CO) in waste gases — NDIR (reference method)
Continuous measurement of the concentration of carbon monoxide in waste gases with an infrared absorption analyser (NDIR, e.g. with gas filt…
🌿 Water vapour in waste gases — condensation-adsorption method (reference)
A known volume of gas is sampled with a heated probe through a filter into a collection system (adsorption, or condensation + adsorption) an…
🌿 Metals (As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, V) in waste gases — manual method
Isokinetic sampling of a known volume of gas (in accordance with EN 13284-1) onto a filter and through a series of gas-washing bottles with …
🌿 Ammonia (NH₃) in waste gases — manual absorption method
A representative gas sample is taken with a heated probe through a particle filter into two gas-washing bottles with 0.05 M sulfuric acid, t…
🌿 Ultrasonic noise at workplaces — measurement in the one-third octave bands 10–40 kHz
Determination of the equivalent (referred to 8 h) and of the maximum sound pressure levels in seven one-third octave bands with centre frequ…
🌿 Lead and its inorganic compounds in workplace air — FAAS (inhalable fraction)
Sampling of the inhalable fraction of the aerosol on a cellulose ester membrane filter, hot mineralisation of the filter with concentrated n…
🌿 Benzene in workplace air — adsorption on activated charcoal and gas chromatography (GC-FID / GC-MS)
Sampling of benzene vapours on a tube with two layers of activated charcoal (100/50 mg), desorption with 1 ml of carbon disulfide and analys…
🌿 Available phosphorus in soil — extraction with calcium lactate (Egner-Riehm method) and colorimetry of phosphomolybdenum blue
Extraction of the phosphorus compounds from the soil with a calcium lactate solution acidified with hydrochloric acid (pH 3.6), development …
🌿 Dry matter of sludge, biowaste, soil and waste — drying at 105 °C (method A) or Karl Fischer titration (method B)
The basis for converting every other result to dry matter. Method A: drying to constant mass at 105 °C — for sludge, soil, biowaste and soli…
🌿 Sampling of waste gases for automatic analysers — extractive systems and in situ measurement (the basis of the determinations of NOx, SO₂, CO, O₂)
The standard describes the representative sampling of gases in a duct for automated measuring systems — both in an extractive system, where …
🌿 Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from artificial sources at the workplace — measurement of the effective radiant exposure in the band 180–400 nm
The standard describes the procedure for measuring and assessing the exposure of a worker to ultraviolet radiation from artificial, incohere…
🌿 Ammonia in the air at workplaces — the spectrophotometric method with Nessler’s reagent
The air is drawn through an impinger with dilute sulfuric(VI) acid, in which the ammonia is retained as the ammonium ion. With Nessler’s rea…
🌿 Nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the air at workplaces — the spectrophotometric method with diazotisation of sulfanilic acid and coupling with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine
One standard covers both oxides: nitrogen monoxide is oxidised in an acid solution of potassium manganate(VII) to nitrogen dioxide, and the …
🌿 Hydrogen sulfide in the air at workplaces — the spectrophotometric method with methylene blue
The air tested is drawn through an impinger with a solution of zinc acetate, in which the hydrogen sulfide is bound as zinc sulfide. After t…
🌿 Available magnesium in soil — the Schachtschabel method (extraction with calcium chloride, spectrophotometric determination with titan yellow or AAS)
The soil is flooded with a solution of calcium chloride of a concentration of 0.0125 mol·dm⁻³ (the Schachtschabel test, 1960), and the magne…
🌿 Available potassium in mineral soils — the Egner-Riehm method (DL): extraction with calcium lactate acidified with hydrochloric acid, determination by flame photometry
The potassium is displaced from the sorption complex of the soil with a solution of calcium lactate acidified with hydrochloric acid (the DL…
🌿 Measurement of the A-weighted sound level in rooms of residential buildings and buildings of public use — the method of PN-87/B-02156 and its status today
A national method of measuring the A-weighted sound level in rooms intended for the presence of people: at least three points in the diffuse…
🌿 Exposure to visible and infrared radiation from artificial sources at the workplace — measurement in the band 380 nm – 3 µm and assessment of the blue light hazard (300–700 nm)
The sister part of the standard on ultraviolet radiation, but about a different hazard: instead of the effective radiant exposure of the ski…
🌿 Noise from the service equipment of a building — the engineering method: one-third-octave spectrum, class 1, background correction and standardisation to the reverberation time
An engineering method for measuring the noise of ventilation, sanitary installations, lifts, pumps, boilers and garage doors in rooms of up …
🌿 Noise from the service equipment of a building — the survey method: a hand-held meter, sweeping with the microphone, three determinations in the room
A simplified field method: measurement with a hand-held meter with manual sweeping of the microphone, one determination near a corner of the…
🌿 Strategy for assessing inhalation exposure to chemical agents — basic characterisation, similar exposure groups (SEG), the sampling plan and testing compliance with limit values
The standard describes the determination of no substance — it describes how to plan the measurements and what to do with the results in orde…
🌿 Vapours of organic solvents (VOC) in workplace air — pumped sampling on a sorbent tube, solvent desorption (usually with carbon disulfide) and gas chromatography
A measured volume of air is drawn by a pump through a tube with a sorbent (most often coconut-shell activated charcoal, layers of 100 mg and…
🌿 Leaching of granular waste and sludges — one stage batch test at L/S 10 l/kg for particles below 4 mm
A compliance test: granular waste or sludge with a particle size below 4 mm is brought into contact with water at a liquid to solid ratio of…
🌿 Sampling of soil on urban and industrial sites suspected of contamination — guidance on the procedure
Guidance on the procedure for investigating urban and industrial sites known or suspected to be contaminated: collecting the information nee…
🌿 Aqua regia digestion of sewage sludge before the determination of trace elements and phosphorus
Four methods of extracting trace elements and phosphorus from sewage sludge with aqua regia, differing in the manner of heating. The solutio…
🌿 Nickel and its compounds in workplace air — flame atomic absorption spectrometry
A method for determining nickel and its compounds — with the exception of nickel tetracarbonyl — in workplace air by flame atomic absorption…
🌿 Tetraphosphorus decaoxide (P₄O₁₀) in workplace air — spectrophotometric method with phosphomolybdenum blue
Determination of tetraphosphorus decaoxide in workplace air: the air is drawn through an impinger containing water, in which the substance h…
💧 Sampling of waste waters — guidance: the sampling programme, spot and composite samples, sampling in sewers, treatment plants and on industrial sites
Guidance on the sampling of waste waters: designing the sampling programme, choosing a representative point, the frequency and time of sampl…
🌿 Sampling of sludges from waste water treatment plants, water treatment works and industrial processes — guidance
Guidance on the sampling of sludges from waste water treatment plants, water treatment works and industrial processes — principles of sampli…
🌿 Requirements for measurement procedures for chemical agents at workplaces — PN-EN 482
The standard describes no determination at all — it sets requirements for EVERY procedure measuring the concentration of a chemical agent in…
🌿 Size fractions of airborne particles — definitions according to PN-EN 481
The standard defines what the names of dust fractions mean — inhalable, thoracic, extrathoracic, tracheobronchial and respirable — through s…
🌿 Principles of air sampling in the work environment and interpretation of results — PN-Z-04008-7
A national standard settling whom and when to measure: the selection of workers for testing, the number and distribution of samples during a…
🌿 Determination of occupational noise exposure — three measurement strategies, PN-EN ISO 9612
The standard specifies a method for measuring workers’ noise exposure and a way of calculating the exposure level, describing THREE differen…
🌿 Total and respirable dust by the filter-gravimetric method — the withdrawn sheets PN-Z-04030-05 and -06
A pair of sheets of the PN-Z-04030 series to which older accreditation scopes and procedures refer: sheet 05 for total dust, sheet 06 for re…
🌿 Dust in waste gases — measurement of concentration and mass flow rate by the gravimetric method (PN-Z-04030-7)
A national standard for the manual, gravimetric measurement of dust in waste gases in the concentration range from 0.001 to 100 g/m³. It dis…
🌿 Sampling of rivers and streams — programme, choice of cross-section and point, handling of the sample (PN-EN ISO 5667-6)
Principles for the design of sampling programmes, sampling techniques and handling of water samples from rivers and streams for physical and…
🌡️ Measurement of the temperature of water and waste water — PN-77/C-04584 (standard WITHDRAWN, no successor indicated)
Measurement of the temperature of water and waste water — carried out in situ, during sampling. STANDARD WITHDRAWN on 16-01-2006, and the PK…
⚗️ Fluorides by the potentiometric method with an ion-selective electrode — PN-78/C-04588/03 (standard WITHDRAWN; today a different TECHNIQUE is the reference)
Determination of fluorides in water and waste water by the potentiometric method with an ion-selective electrode. STANDARD WITHDRAWN on 10-0…
🔥 Loss on ignition of the dry mass of sludge — PN-EN 12879 (standard WITHDRAWN; the regulation describes the activity without citing a standard)
Determination of the loss on ignition of the dry mass of sewage sludge — ignition at 550 °C and weighing. STANDARD WITHDRAWN on 01-07-2016, …
🧮 Total nitrogen (calculated) — PN-73/C-04576/14 (standard WITHDRAWN; a calculated quantity, not a determined one)
Total nitrogen in waste water as the sum of three determinations — a CALCULATED quantity, not a measured one. STANDARD WITHDRAWN on 16-01-20…
🏭 Hydrogen fluoride (gaseous fluorides) in waste gases — ISO 15713, with sampling according to CEN/TS 17340
Sampling of the gas through a heated probe and filter, absorption of gaseous fluorides in impingers containing sodium hydroxide solution, an…
🌡️ Total mercury in waste gases — manual method according to PN-EN 13211
Manual reference method for the determination of total mercury in waste gases: isokinetic sampling through a heated probe and filter, absorp…
🧫 Sodium hydroxide in workplace air — FAAS according to PN-Z-04435
Air is drawn through a cellulose ester membrane filter, the filter is digested hot with concentrated nitric(V) acid, and sodium in the resul…
🧯 Sampling of waste gases for the determination of organic compounds — PN-Z-04008-4
A standard on SAMPLING AND PREPARING the sample, not on the determination. It describes three ways of capturing volatile organic compounds f…
🌱 Sampling of soil for chemical and agricultural analysis — PN-R-04031
A final sample with a mass of not less than 0.5 kg is formed from a maximum of 20 primary samples taken with a soil probe from the 0–20 cm l…
🤝 Hand-transmitted vibration — measurement at the workplace according to PN-EN ISO 5349-2
For each task performed during the day, the vibration total value a_hv in three axes is measured and its duration is established, and the da…
🔦 Visible and infrared radiation at workplaces — PN-T-05687 (standard withdrawn)
Measurement of the effective irradiance and the effective radiance of visible (VIS) and infrared (IRA, 780–1400 nm) radiation at workplaces,…
🔊 Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors — CALCULATION method according to PN-ISO 9613-2
The standard does not describe a measurement, but a CALCULATION: from the sound power of the source in octave bands, the sound level at a di…
🌱 Available phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese in organic soil according to PN-R-04024
Four elements from ONE hydrochloric acid extract and with three different techniques: phosphorus colorimetrically, potassium by flame photom…
🌱 Sampling of soil from natural and cultivated sites according to PN-ISO 10381-4 — standard WITHDRAWN (12-03-2025), source document replaced by the ISO 18400 series
The most frequently cited soil sampling standard in Polish accreditation scopes: 49 entries at 47 laboratories. PN-ISO 10381-4:2007 is WITHD…
🟡 Chlorine in workplace air according to PN-Z-04037-03 — a two-page standard from 1975, withdrawn in 2010, still in 29 scopes
The standard has TWO PAGES, dates from 1975 and was withdrawn on 30 November 2010 — and yet it is cited by 29 laboratories in 32 entries of …
⚗️ Zinc oxide in workplace air according to PN-Z-04100-03 — standard withdrawn in 2014, in the scopes of 30 laboratories
A two-page standard from 1987, withdrawn on 30 May 2014 without a successor indicated on the card — and still standing in the scopes of 30 l…
🧪 Formaldehyde in workplace air according to PN-Z-04045-02 — and the twin part of the standard on the same formaldehyde
A three-page standard from 1976, withdrawn on 17 October 2011, cited today by 21 laboratories. In the same series stands part 04 — ALSO on t…
🌫️ Ozone in workplace air according to PN-Z-04007-2 — a standard in force, determination in the presence of nitrogen oxides
Among the old Polish standards on workplace air, this one is an exception: the PKN card has no withdrawal note, so the 1994 standard is in f…
🌿 Chromium and its compounds in workplace air — FAAS, PN-Z-04434
Determination of chromium and its compounds in workplace air: retention on a membrane filter, digestion in concentrated nitric(V) acid and m…
🌿 Tin and its inorganic compounds in workplace air — FAAS, PN-Z-04488
Determination of tin (CAS 7440-31-5) and its inorganic compounds in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The standard's ca…
🌿 Potassium hydroxide in workplace air — FAAS, PN-Z-04436
Determination of potassium hydroxide in workplace air: retention on a membrane filter, digestion in concentrated nitric(V) acid, solution in…
🌿 Hydrogen chloride in workplace air — turbidimetric method, PN-Z-04450
Determination of hydrogen chloride (CAS 7647-01-0) in workplace air by the turbidimetric method with sampling on filters. The lowest determi…
🌿 Acetic acid in workplace air — gas chromatography, PN-Z-04323
Determination of acetic acid in workplace air: adsorption of the vapours on silica gel, desorption with a solution of formic acid in methano…
🌿 Pentane in workplace air — gas chromatography, PN-Z-04318
Determination of pentane in workplace air: adsorption of the vapours on activated carbon, desorption with carbon disulphide and analysis by …
🌿 Sulphur dioxide in workplace air — pararosaniline method, PN-Z-04015-12
Determination of sulphur dioxide in workplace air: absorption in an impinger with a potassium tetrachloromercurate solution, reaction with p…
🌿 Eight metals in aqua regia extracts of soil — FAAS and ETAAS, PN-ISO 11047
Determination of eight metals — cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc — in aqua regia extracts of soil by flam…
🌿 Copper and its compounds in workplace air — AAS, PN-Z-04106 series (both standards withdrawn)
Determination of copper and its compounds in workplace air by atomic absorption spectrometry. THE ENTIRE NATIONAL BODY OF STANDARDS FOR THIS…
🌿 Five solvents from nitrocellulose products at once — gas chromatography, PN-Z-04023-02 (withdrawn)
One standard for FIVE substances at once: acetone, ethyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, toluene and xylene emitted from nitrocellulose coating ma…
🌿 Kerosene vapour in workplace air — gas chromatography, PN-Z-04227-02
Determination of kerosene vapour in workplace air: the vapour is trapped in a tube, the hydrocarbons are desorbed with carbon disulphide and…
🌿 Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and amyl acetates in workplace air — gas chromatography with sample enrichment, PN-Z-04119-01
Determination of five acetates — methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and amyl — in workplace air, together or each separately, by gas chromatograph…
🌿 n-Hexane in workplace air — adsorption on activated charcoal and gas chromatography, PN-Z-04136-3
Determination of n-hexane in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on activated charcoal, desorbed with carbon disulphide and determined by …
🌿 Mineral oil (oil mist) in workplace air — glass-fibre filter and infrared spectrometry, PN-Z-04108-5
Determination of mineral oil in the form of a liquid aerosol (mist) in workplace air: the oil is collected on a glass-fibre filter, desorbed…
🌿 Mineral oil (oil mist) in workplace air — glass-fibre filter and ultraviolet spectrometry, PN-Z-04108-6
Determination of mineral oil in the form of a liquid aerosol (mist) in workplace air: the oil is collected on a glass-fibre filter, desorbed…
🌿 Trimethylbenzene in workplace air — activated charcoal and gas chromatography, PN-Z-04016-4
Determination of trimethylbenzene in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on activated charcoal, extracted with carbon disulphide and analy…
🌿 Nine carcinogenic PAHs in workplace air — filter, Amberlite XAD-2 and HPLC, PN-Z-04240-5
Determination of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in workplace air — the same nine from which the Polish NDS list calculates the PAH ex…
🌿 Styrene in workplace air — activated charcoal, toluene extraction and gas chromatography, PN-Z-04152-02
Determination of styrene in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on activated charcoal, extracted with toluene — not with carbon disulphide…
🌿 Extraction naphtha and benzene in workplace air — activated charcoal and gas chromatography, PN-Z-04134-02
Determination of extraction naphtha (extraction gasoline) vapour and benzene in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on activated charcoal,…
🌿 Varnish naphtha ("benzyna C") in workplace air — activated charcoal and gas chromatography, PN-Z-04134-03
Determination of vapour of varnish naphtha grade C in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on activated charcoal, desorbed with carbon disu…
🌿 Available zinc in mineral soil — flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), PN-R-04016
Determination of available zinc in mineral soil by flame atomic absorption spectrometry at 213.8 nm; the standard gives an assessment of the…
🌿 Available copper in mineral soil — colorimetry with "dwukupral" or flame AAS at 324.8 nm, PN-R-04017
Determination of available copper in mineral soil by one of the two methods of the standard: colorimetric with the reagent "dwukupral" or at…
🌿 Available manganese in mineral soil — persulphate, formaldoxime or AAS method, PN-R-04019
Determination of available manganese in mineral soil by one of the three methods of the standard — spectrophotometric with ammonium persulph…
🌿 Available iron in mineral soil — soil extract and determination, in the scopes by flame AAS, PN-R-04021
Determination of available iron in mineral soil: the standard describes the preparation of the soil extract, the determination methods and t…
🌿 Ethylbenzene in workplace air — gas chromatography with sample enrichment, PN-Z-04081-01
Determination of ethylbenzene vapour in workplace air by gas chromatography with sample enrichment; when other substances leave the column a…
🌿 Total organic carbon (TOC) in soil, waste, biowaste and sewage sludge — dry combustion, difference method A and direct method B, PN-EN 15936
Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in soil, waste, treated biowaste and sewage sludge by dry combustion — by the difference method …
🌿 Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX, styrene), halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers in soil — methanol extraction and gas chromatography with static headspace analysis, PN-EN ISO 22155
Determination of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, styrene), volatile halogenated hydrocarbons and se…
🌿 Available boron in mineral soil — spectrophotometry with curcumin or with 1,1′-dianthrimide, PN-R-04018
Determination of available boron in soil by one of two spectrophotometric methods: with curcumin in a strongly acidic medium or with 1,1′-di…
🌿 PAHs in flue gas — isokinetic sampling of the gas phase and particles, methods A, B and C, ISO 11338-1
Sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from flue gases of stationary sources — three equivalent isokinetic methods: dilution (A…
🌿 Aluminium and its compounds in workplace air — flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), PN-Z-04263-1
Determination of aluminium and its compounds in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spectrometry; according to the PKN card the lowest …
🌿 Cumene (isopropylbenzene) in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, extraction with carbon disulphide and gas chromatography, PN-Z-04016-6
Determination of cumene vapour in workplace air: adsorption on activated carbon, extraction with carbon disulphide and gas chromatography; a…
🌿 Cadmium and its compounds in workplace air — flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), PN-Z-04102-3
Determination of cadmium and its compounds in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The standard was withdrawn on 20-11-202…
🌿 Heptane in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, extraction with toluene and gas chromatography, PN-Z-04138-02
Determination of heptane vapour in workplace air: adsorption on activated carbon, extraction with toluene and gas chromatography. The standa…
🌿 1-Methoxypropan-2-ol in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, desorption with methanol in carbon disulphide and gas chromatography, PN-Z-04354
Determination of 1-methoxypropan-2-ol vapour in workplace air: adsorption on activated carbon, desorption with a solution of methanol in car…
🌿 Methanol in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID), PN-Z-04476
Determination of methanol vapour in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection; according to the PKN card the lowes…
🌿 Hydrogen chloride in workplace air — absorption in water, silver nitrate and turbidity measurement (turbidimetry), PN-Z-04225-03
Determination of hydrogen chloride in workplace air: absorption in a scrubber with water, addition of silver nitrate and measurement of the …
🌿 Dust collection efficiency and dust concentration upstream and downstream of the collector — assembly and acceptance tests of boiler dust collectors, PN-M-34129
Requirements and assembly and acceptance tests of dry boiler dust collectors — electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors and multi-…
🌿 Vinyl acetate in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, extraction with carbon disulfide, gas chromatography, PN-Z-04178-02
Determination of vinyl acetate in workplace air: according to the card, vinyl acetate vapours are adsorbed on activated carbon, extracted wi…
🌿 2-Methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, desorption with methanol in carbon disulfide, gas chromatography, PN-Z-04119-10
Determination of 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate in workplace air: according to the card, the vapours are adsorbed on activated carbon, deso…
🌿 Butan-2-one (methyl ethyl ketone) in workplace air — gas chromatography, PN-Z-04449
Determination of butan-2-one (methyl ethyl ketone) in workplace air: according to the card — by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, w…
🌿 Calcium oxide in workplace air — inhalable and respirable fractions, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), PN-Z-04442
Determination of calcium oxide (CAS 1305-78-8) in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spectrometry — according to the PKN catalogue car…
🌿 PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration in flue gas — two-stage impactor with round nozzles, three fractions (> 10 µm, 10–2.5 µm, < 2.5 µm), concentrations below 40 mg/m³, PN-EN ISO 23210
Reference method for determining the mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in flue gas from stationary sources with a two-stage impactor that…
🌿 Dinitrogen monoxide (N2O) in flue gas from ducts and stacks — sampling, sample conditioning and NDIR analyser, reference method for periodic measurements and AMS calibration, PN-EN ISO 21258
Reference method for determining the mass concentration of dinitrogen monoxide (N2O) in flue gas from ducts and stacks: continuous sampling,…
🌿 Number concentration of respirable asbestos fibres at workplaces — membrane filters, clearing and counting of fibres under a phase-contrast microscope, without identification of asbestos, PN-Z-04202-02 (withdrawn)
Determination of the number concentration of respirable fibres in the air at workplaces where asbestos occurs: the sample is collected on a …
🌿 2-Butoxyethyl acetate in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, desorption with carbon disulfide, gas chromatography, PN-Z-04304
Determination of 2-butoxyethyl acetate in workplace air: according to the PKN card the vapours are adsorbed on activated carbon, the compoun…
🌿 4-Methylpentan-2-one (methyl isobutyl ketone, MIBK) in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, desorption with a solution of methanol in carbon disulfide, gas chromatography, PN-Z-04372
Determination of 4-methylpentan-2-one (methyl isobutyl ketone, MIBK) in workplace air: according to the PKN card the vapours are adsorbed on…
🌿 Cyclohexane in workplace air — adsorption of the vapours on activated carbon, extraction with toluene, gas chromatography; standard withdrawn in 2011, NDS 300 mg/m³, PN-Z-04151-02
Determination of the concentration of cyclohexane vapours in workplace air: according to the PKN card the vapours are adsorbed on activated …
🌿 Tetrachloroethene (tetrachloroethylene) in workplace air — gas chromatography without sample enrichment and with enrichment using carbon disulfide; standard withdrawn in 2015, NDS 85 mg/m³, PN-Z-04118-01
Determination of the concentration of tetrachloroethene vapours (formerly: tetrachloroethylene) in workplace air when checking sanitary and …
🌿 Chromium(VI) compounds in workplace air — filter, leaching with sodium carbonate solution, reaction with diphenylcarbazide, colorimetry; standard withdrawn in 2014, NDS 0.005 mg/m³ Cr(VI), PN-Z-04126-03
Determination of soluble chromates and chromium(VI) compounds in workplace air, also in complex mixtures such as welding fumes: according to…
🌿 Cyclohexanone in workplace air — gas chromatography with mass spectrometry according to the card of the standard, lowest determinable concentration 2 mg/m³, NDS 40 mg/m³, PN-Z-04447
Determination of cyclohexanone (CAS 108-94-1) in workplace air when checking sanitary and hygienic conditions: according to the PKN card the…
🌿 Elements in soil, treated biowaste, waste, sludge and sediment — inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in solutions after digestion with aqua regia, nitric acid or with HBF₄/HF, PN-EN ISO 22036
Determination of 64 elements — from aluminium, arsenic and barium to zinc and zirconium, including heavy metals, mercury, phosphorus and sul…
🌿 Silver and its insoluble compounds in workplace air (inhalable fraction, as Ag) — flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), lowest determinable concentration 0.003 mg/m³, NDS 0.05 mg/m³, PN-Z-04216-2
A Polish standard of 2012 with a method for determining silver and its insoluble compounds in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spect…
🌿 Mercury in soil — aqua regia extract according to ISO 11466, reduction with tin(II) chloride, measurement of the absorbance of mercury vapour at 253.7 nm (CV-AAS) or of fluorescence (CV-AFS), calibration from 0 to 16 µg/l, standard addition method for each type of soil, PN-ISO 16772
Determination of mercury in an aqua regia extract of soil (prepared according to ISO 11464 and ISO 11466): mercury is reduced with tin(II) c…
🏭 Hydrogen fluoride (fluorinated compounds expressed as HF) in waste gases — CEN reference method: sampling through a probe and filter into absorbers, gaseous or gaseous plus particle-bound fluorides, determination by ionometry, spectrophotometry or ion chromatography, CEN/TS 17340
Reference method for the mass concentration of fluorinated compounds expressed as hydrogen fluoride (HF) in waste gases from stationary sour…
🌿 Effective A-weighted sound pressure level when hearing protectors are worn (selection of hearing protectors) — calculation by the octave-band, HML or SNR method from noise levels and hearing protector attenuation data, PN-EN ISO 4869-2
Calculation of the effective A-weighted sound pressure level under a hearing protector — the value compared with the permissible exposure wh…
🌿 Aqua regia digestion of soil, treated biowaste, sewage sludge and waste before the determination of metals and other elements — heating under reflux (A1), in a heating block (A2) or by microwave in closed vessels at 175 °C (B), PN-EN ISO 54321
Preparation of a soil, sewage sludge, treated biowaste or waste sample for the determination of elements: digestion with a mixture of hydroc…
🏭 Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen in flue gas — automated measuring systems, ISO 12039
The concentration of CO2 (and also CO and O2) in flue gas from stationary sources, measured with automated measuring systems — extractive or…
🌱 Organic and total carbon in soil after dry combustion — PN-ISO 10694
The total carbon content of air-dried soil after combustion at not less than 900 °C and measurement of the CO2 formed; organic carbon is cal…
🌱 Extraction of trace elements from soil with aqua regia — PN-ISO 11466 (withdrawn standard)
Preparation of a solution for determining metals and other trace elements in soil: extraction with a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acid…
🔊 Sound power level of machinery and equipment — engineering method (accuracy grade 2) — PN-EN ISO 3744
The sound power level of a machine or piece of equipment determined from sound pressure levels measured on a surface enveloping the source, …
♻️ Ammoniacal nitrogen in sewage sludge — extraction with 2 mol/l potassium chloride — PN-EN 14671
Preparation of the extract for the determination of ammonia (expressed as nitrogen) in raw and digested sewage sludge: undried, homogenized …
🔊 Effectiveness of noise barriers at the installation site ("in situ") — PN-ISO 10847
Effectiveness (insertion loss) of an outdoor noise barrier at a specific site: the difference in sound levels at the receiver position befor…
🌿 Specific electrical conductivity of an aqueous extract of air-dried soil (fraction < 2 mm) — extraction with grade 2 water at a ratio of 1:5 (m/V) at (20 ± 1) °C, shaking for 30 min, filtration, measurement with a conductivity meter whose cell constant is checked with KCl solutions and the result corrected to 25 °C, in mS/m — an indication of the content of water-soluble electrolytes, PN-ISO 11265 (since 04-03-2026 PN-EN ISO 11265:2026-03)
Routine determination of the specific electrical conductivity of an aqueous soil extract — an indication of the content of water-soluble sal…
🌿 Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, 16 compounds of the EPA list) in soil by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV or fluorescence detection — extraction with acetone and petroleum ether without drying (method A, slightly contaminated soils) or with toluene in a Soxhlet apparatus after drying (method B, more heavily contaminated soils), external calibration, PN-ISO 13877 (withdrawn)
Sixteen PAH of the EPA list are extracted from soil with acetone without drying (method A — slightly or non-contaminated soils) or with tolu…
🌿 Sampling of solid recovered fuels (SRF) in production plants, from deliveries and from stock — development of a sampling plan (objectives, lot, number of increments, minimum sample and increment mass with shape factor), manual and mechanical methods from material streams, vehicles, ships and static lots, PN-EN ISO 21645
The standard gives methods for taking samples of solid recovered fuels (SRF) — fuels from non-hazardous waste — from production plants, deli…
🌿 Determination of total nitrogen in soil (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and organic nitrogen) by the modified Kjeldahl method — 0,2–1 g of air-dried soil with salicylic acid in sulfuric acid and sodium thiosulfate, digestion with a catalyst mixture of potassium sulfate, copper sulfate and titanium dioxide (instead of selenium) at up to 400 °C, distillation of ammonia into boric acid and titration with sulfuric acid; result in mg/g of dry matter, PN-ISO 11261
Total nitrogen of soil — in ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and organic form — is determined after a Kjeldahl-type digestion: 0,2–1 g of air-drie…
🌿 Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the gas phase and in particles in stack gases of stationary sources — Soxhlet extraction of filters and sorbents (10 % diethyl ether in n-hexane, about 20 h) with 2- or 6-methylchrysene as recovery standard, extraction of the condensate with n-hexane, concentration, clean-up on a silica gel column and determination by reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence and UV 229 nm detection or by GC-MS, ISO 11338-2
Part 2 of ISO 11338 describes what happens in the laboratory to a PAH sample taken from stack gases according to Part 1: the filter and sorb…
🌿 Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in waste, sludges and sediments — Method A (indirect): TOC as the difference between total carbon (TC, combustion in oxygen) and total inorganic carbon (TIC, release of CO2 by acid), Method B (direct): combustion of the sample after removal of carbonates with acid; undried samples, content above 1 g carbon per kg dry matter, PN-EN 13137 (withdrawn)
Total organic carbon in waste, sludges and sediments is determined on an undried sample by one of two methods. In Method A a portion of the …
🌿 Determination of cadmium content in solid mineral fertilizers and rock phosphates — 1–12.5 g of sample ground to 0.5 mm is boiled gently for 30 min with nitric acid (1 + 1), the extract diluted to 250 ml and filtered, and cadmium measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (Method A) or ICP-OES (Method B), calibrated by the method of three standard additions; contents above 1 mg/kg, PN-EN 14888
Cadmium is extracted from solid mineral fertilizers and rock phosphates with nitric acid: from 1 g to 12.5 g of sample — the less, the more …
🌿 Determination of hydrocarbon content C10–C40 (mineral oil) in solid waste by gas chromatography — about 20 g of sample is shaken for one hour with acetone and an n-heptane solution with retention time window standards, the organic layer is washed with water, cleaned up on a Florisil and sodium sulfate column and analysed by GC-FID; the result is the sum of areas between the n-decane and n-tetracontane peaks against a standard of two mineral oils, 100–10 000 mg/kg dry matter, PN-EN 14039
Hydrocarbons in solid waste are determined by gas chromatography without halogenated solvents. About 20 g of sample is shaken or sonicated f…
🌿 Calculation of dry matter of waste samples — Method A: drying a portion giving at least 0.5 g of residue at (105 ± 3) °C to constant mass (difference after a further hour not more than 0.5 % or 2 mg), at least two determinations; Method B: water content by direct Karl Fischer titration, liquids directly, solids after extraction with methanol; samples with more than 1 % (m/m) of dry residue or water, PN-EN 14346 (withdrawn)
Results of waste analyses are usually expressed on a dry matter basis, and this standard calculates it in two ways. In Method A a portion of…
🌿 Guidance on measuring velocity and volume flow rate of gas in emission ducts according to EN ISO 16911-1 — three measurement objectives with different uncertainty requirements (periodic measurements and isokinetics, calibration of automated flow meters, other EU ETS measurements), criteria for 2D Pitot tubes taken from US EPA Method 2G, L-type Pitot tube for swirl assessment and a corrected uncertainty budget example, CEN/TR 17078
Velocity and volume flow rate of waste gas in stacks and ducts are measured by the manual reference method EN ISO 16911-1, and the technical…
🌿 Digestion of waste with aqua regia (1 volume of 65–70 % nitric acid and 3 volumes of 35–37 % hydrochloric acid) before determination of elements by AAS, ICP-OES and ICP-MS — microwave in closed vessels (at least 8 bar), microwave in semi-open vessels at atmospheric pressure, or heating under a reflux condenser; the result is the aqua regia soluble portion, not the total content, PN-EN 13657
Before metals and other elements are determined, waste is digested with aqua regia — a mixture of 1 volume of nitric acid and 3 volumes of h…
🌿 Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil, sewage sludge, treated biowaste and waste — extraction, concentration and clean-up chosen for the matrix (aluminium oxide, silica gel or gel permeation chromatography), measurement by GC-MS with at least four deuterated internal standards or by HPLC with UV-DAD or fluorescence detection; lower limit of application from 10 µg/kg d.m. (soils, sludge, biowaste) to 100 µg/kg d.m. (solid waste), PN-EN 17503
Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons — from naphthalene to benzo[ghi]perylene — are determined in soil, sewage sludge, treated biowaste …
🌿 Determination of major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na, Ti) in solid biofuels — digestion in a closed vessel with a mixture of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid at 220 °C (oven) or 190 °C (microwave), neutralisation of HF with boric acid, directly on the fuel (part A, 500 mg) or on ash prepared at 550 °C (part B, 50 mg), measurement by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, FAAS or FES, PN-EN ISO 16967
Aluminium, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sodium and titanium in solid biofuels — wood, pellets, biomass — are de…
🌿 Determination of 17 organochlorine pesticides (HCB, HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and its epoxides, α-endosulfan, DDT, DDD, DDE) and 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) in soil — extraction with a hydrocarbon solvent, clean-up on aluminium oxide, removal of sulfur with tetrabutylammonium sulfite, gas chromatography with electron capture detection and confirmation on a column of different polarity; detection limits 0.1–4 µg/kg d.m., PN-ISO 10382
Seventeen organochlorine pesticides — among others HCB, HCH isomers, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, DDT with metabolites — and seven …
🌿 Sampling of sea water for chemical and physical testing from tidal areas (estuaries), the coastal zone up to 5 km from the shore and the open sea — location of sampling points according to a mixing model derived from salinity, temperature, oxygen, turbidity or chlorophyll fluorescence, vertical and horizontal profiles, open-ended tube samplers on a non-metallic line, pumps and automatic samplers, frequency within the tidal cycle; not for microbiological and biological samples, PN-ISO 5667-9
The standard guides the sampling of sea water for chemical and physical testing — from the plan through equipment to frequency — in three ki…
🌿 Determination of about 70 elements (among others As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, P, S, rare earth elements and platinum group metals) in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) — corrections of isobaric and molecular interferences, internal standard, dilution on signal suppression; detection limit 0.1–2.0 mg/kg d.m.; standard withdrawn by PKN on 05.03.2026 and replaced by PN-EN ISO 16965:2026-03, PN-EN 16171
Elements in sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil — from arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc to phosphorus, sulfur,…
🌿 Microwave digestion of sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil with concentrated nitric acid before determination of elements — portion up to 2 g (usually 0.5–1 g) with at most 0.5 g organic carbon, 10 ml HNO3 15 mol/l, heating at 10–15 °C/min to (175 ± 5) °C and 10 min at that temperature in a closed vessel of PFA, PTFE or quartz (at least 45 ml, at least 3000 kPa); the result is the nitric acid soluble fraction, not the total content, PN-EN 16173
Before metals and other elements are determined, sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil are digested with concentrated nitric acid in a la…
🌿 Determination of the odour concentration of gas samples by dynamic olfactometry with a panel of assessors (the sample is diluted with neutral gas down to the detection threshold; 1 ouE/m3 at the threshold, range usually 10^1–10^7 ouE/m3) and of the odour emission rate from point sources and active area sources (e.g. biofilters) — unit referenced to n-butanol: 1 EROM = 123 µg; sampling also of humid gases and at temperatures up to 200 °C; excluding the odour emission rate from volume sources and passive area sources, PN-EN 13725
The odour concentration of a waste gas, of air from a biofilter or of another gaseous sample is measured in a dynamic olfactometer: the samp…
🌿 Determination of the mass concentration of methane in waste gases from stationary sources by a manual method — sampling with a probe (heated to 150 °C if necessary) through a filter and a cooler into a bag, glass ampoule or canister (5–30 l), including by the “lung principle”, flow up to 1 l/min, analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); independent method (SRM according to EN 14181) validated up to 1500 mg/m3, PN-EN ISO 25139
Methane — a greenhouse gas emitted among others by landfills, composting plants, biogas and natural gas installations — is determined in was…
🌿 Kjeldahl nitrogen in sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil — portion of 0.2–1 g of dried sample (or a moist or liquid sample with the corresponding dry matter), 10 ml sulfuric acid and 2.5 g of K2SO4:CuSO4:TiO2 10:1:1 catalyst, digestion in a block at up to 400 °C, distillation of ammonia after adding NaOH into boric acid and titration with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid; nitrate and nitrite are not included in the result, LOD usually 0.03 % N, LOQ 0.1 % N, PN-EN 16169
Kjeldahl nitrogen in sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil is determined in the classical way: the portion (usually 0.2–1 g of dried samp…
🌿 Digestion of sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil with aqua regia (1 volume of HNO3 and 3 volumes of HCl) before determination of over 60 elements — method A: boiling under reflux for 2 h, with an absorption vessel trapping volatile species; method B: microwave digestion in a closed vessel at (175 ± 5) °C for (10 ± 1) min; then filtration and making up in a volumetric flask; the result is the aqua regia soluble fraction, not the total content; PN-EN 16174 withdrawn on 30.03.2022
Before metals and other elements are determined, sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil are digested with aqua regia — a mixture of one vo…
🌿 Determination of pH in an aqueous suspension of soil improvers and growing media — sample prepared according to EN 13040, portion equivalent to 60 ml (20 mm sieve) or 250 ml (40 mm sieve) of sample volume weighed on the basis of bulk density, extraction with grade 2 water at a ratio of 1 : 5 for 1 h at (22 ± 3) °C, measurement with a pH meter with glass electrode in the settling suspension after calibration with at least two buffers, PN-EN 13037
The pH of compost, peat-based growing medium or another soil improver is determined in a suspension with water at a volume ratio of 1 : 5 — …
🌿 Determination of total nitrogen in soil by dry combustion (elemental analysis) — sample pretreated according to ISO 11464, fraction < 2 mm, heating in oxygen at at least 900 °C, conversion of all nitrogen forms into N2 and measurement with a thermal conductivity detector, calibration with a substance of known nitrogen content, conversion to dry matter according to ISO 11465, PN-ISO 13878
Total nitrogen in soil is determined here without wet digestion: a portion of air-dried soil is burned in a stream of oxygen at at least 900…
🔊 Determination of emission sound pressure levels of machinery and equipment at a work station and at other specified positions (e.g. bystander positions) in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane — in a hemi-anechoic room or outdoors — without environmental corrections, with correction for background noise only; A-weighted level, if required in frequency bands and C-weighted peak level; accuracy grade 1 (precision) or 2 (engineering), class 1 sound level meter according to IEC 61672-1, PN-EN ISO 11201
A method for determining the noise a machine emits at the operator’s position and at other specified positions around it when operating in a…
🔊 Determination of emission sound pressure levels of machinery and equipment at a work station and at other specified positions in situ, in a room meeting specified requirements — with background noise correction K1 and a local environmental correction K3 (with a limiting maximum value) determined from the equivalent sound absorption area of the room and the source location or an approximate work station directivity index; A-weighted level, if required in bands and C-weighted peak; accuracy grade 2 (engineering) or 3 (survey), PN-EN ISO 11202
A method for determining the noise a machine emits at the operator’s position and at other specified positions when operating in situ — in a…
🌿 Sampling of waste according to a sampling plan — framework procedure: agreement of the testing programme objectives by the involved parties, preparation of the plan (testing level, constituents to be tested, background information on the material, health and safety, sampling approach and technique), taking the sample in accordance with the plan, pretreatment to a laboratory sample if necessary, sampling record and delivery of the sample to the laboratory, PN-EN 14899
Wastes are usually heterogeneous, so a test result is only as good as the sample it comes from. PN-EN 14899 does not give a single sampling …
🌿 Determination of 15 chlorophenols (six dichlorophenols, six trichlorophenols, 2,3,4,5- and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in soil, sediments and solid waste — at least 10 g of soil with an internal standard (2,4,6-tribromophenol) is extracted with 75 ml of acetone–hexane 1 : 1 with hydrochloric acid using ultrasound, the chlorophenols are transferred to NaOH, after acidification to hexane and to potassium carbonate solution, acetylated with acetic anhydride, the acetates are extracted with hexane and determined by GC-ECD on two columns of different polarity (or GC-MS); from about 0.01–0.05 mg/kg, PN-ISO 14154
Chlorophenols — phenols carrying one to five chlorine atoms — are toxic, partly carcinogenic soil contaminants. PN-ISO 14154 extracts them f…
🌿 Digestion of soil, treated biowaste, sludge and waste prior to element determination — 0.2–0.5 g of dried and ground (below 250 µm) sample is digested with 6 ml HCl, 2 ml HNO3 and 4 ml HBF4 in a heating block for 2 h at (105 ± 5) °C (method A) or in a closed microwave vessel up to (175 ± 5) °C for 10 min (B1), or with an HCl, HNO3 and HF mixture with a power programme (B2); the decomposition is considered effectively total; 30 elements from Al to Zn, PN-EN 13656
Before elements in soil, sludge or waste are determined, the sample has to be digested. PN-EN 13656 does this with a mixture of hydrochloric…
🌿 Determination of mercury in digests of sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil obtained with aqua regia (EN 16174) or nitric acid (EN 16173) — mono- and divalent mercury is reduced with tin(II) chloride (recommended) or sodium borohydride to elemental mercury, stripped with a carrier gas in a closed system into the spectrometer cell and its absorbance measured at 253.7 nm against a calibration curve; lower working range limit 0.03 mg/kg dry matter, PN-EN 16175-1
Mercury in sewage sludge, composts and soil is determined in the solution after digestion with aqua regia or nitric acid. PN-EN 16175-1 redu…
🌿 Determination of total cyanide and easily liberatable cyanide in soil by continuous-flow analysis (CFA) with automated distillation — the soil is extracted with 2.5 mol/l NaOH for 16 h and the extract diluted 100-fold; for total cyanide the complexes are decomposed in the flow by a UV-B lamp after adding a pH 3.8 buffer, for easily liberatable cyanide zinc sulfate precipitates the iron cyanides; HCN distilled at 125 °C reacts with chloramine-T, pyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, and the dye is measured at 606 nm; complex cyanides — by difference; soils with contents above 1 mg/kg dry matter, PN-EN ISO 17380
Cyanides in soil occur as cyanide ions and as complex cyanides — this gives two results: total cyanide and easily liberatable cyanide, and c…
🌿 Analysis of solutions of airborne particulate matter samples from workplace air by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES, in accreditation scopes ICP-OES) — method development, instrument performance checks, routine analysis, estimation of detection and quantification limits, quality control and uncertainty; for solutions prepared according to ISO 15202-2 from samples collected according to ISO 15202-1, for comparison of exposure with limit values; including Al, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Ag, Tl, Sn, Ti, V, Zn — not mercury vapour, ISO 15202-3
Dust in workplace air may contain toxic metals and metalloids — lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, manganese, arsenic and many others — and th…
🌿 Continuous measurement of the ozone concentration in ambient air by ultraviolet photometry — the air flows through an absorption cell irradiated at 253.7 nm by a stabilized low-pressure mercury lamp, and absorption is measured by a photodiode or photomultiplier (a system with a measuring and a reference cell, or one cell with alternating air and air after catalytic removal of ozone); type-approved analyser, certification range up to 500 µg/m³, sampling system of PTFE, FEP, borosilicate glass or stainless steel, PTFE particle filter; result in µg/m³ at 20 °C and 101.3 kPa, PN-EN 14625
Ozone in ambient air is measured continuously at monitoring stations — PN-EN 14625 describes ultraviolet photometry for this purpose: ozone …
🌿 Sampling of marine sediments for the investigation of physical and chemical properties in monitoring and environmental assessments — strategy (reconnaissance survey, baseline survey with impact assessment, temporal trend survey), random, grid or gradient placement of stations away from a pollution source, number of replicate samples (usually at least three per station where variability is high) or a composite sample, reference stations, sediment cores, equipment, sample handling, packaging and storage; not for freshwater sediments, PN-EN ISO 5667-19
Bottom sediments accumulate contaminants, so their investigation tells about the state and history of contamination of a water body — but on…
🌿 Determination of epichlorohydrin in drinking water and in water for the production of drinking water — 100 ml of sample (with the internal standard ¹³C3-epichlorohydrin for GC-MS or ethyl 2-chloropropionate for GC-ECD) is passed at 1–3 ml/min through a cartridge with at least 200 mg of styrene-divinylbenzene sorbent, water is removed with nitrogen down to 250–350 mg of residual water, the analyte is eluted with 2 ml of diisopropyl ether and determined by gas chromatography on a capillary column with an MS detector (ions m/z 49/51) or ECD; five-point calibration through the whole procedure; limit of quantification about 0.5 µg/l, which can be lowered to 0.1 µg/l, PN-EN 14207
Epichlorohydrin is determined in drinking water and in water for its production at the level of tenths of a microgram per litre. PN-EN 14207…
🌿 Determination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material by sieving and sedimentation — particles retained on the 2 mm sieve are determined by dry sieving (sample mass depending on the largest particles, sieves checked against master sieves), particles of 2–0,063 mm by wet and dry sieving, and particles below 0,063 mm by sedimentation with the pipette method (preferred) or the hydrometer method of Annex B, after removal of organic matter and salts and with addition of a dispersing agent; sampling times from Stokes’ law at a particle density of 2,65 Mg/m³; fraction proportions are determined only by weighing and presented as a cumulative curve, PN-ISO 11277
The proportions of mineral particles of different sizes partly determine the physical and chemical behaviour of soil. PN-ISO 11277 (ISO 1127…
🌿 Determination of the activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides with energies of 40 keV–2 MeV in water by high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry (according to the generic method of ISO 20042) — a sample of drinking water, rainwater, surface water, groundwater, cooling water, industrial water or wastewater (homogeneous, filtered if necessary) is measured directly in a container (e.g. a Marinelli beaker) or after concentration by evaporation, with energy and efficiency calibration (standard sources or numerical Monte Carlo methods), corrections for dead time, pile-up and coincidence summing; result in Bq/l with uncertainty, decision threshold and detection limit according to ISO 11929; without concentration about 5·10⁻² Bq/l for 137Cs, PN-EN ISO 10703
Natural and artificial radionuclides occur in water — the latter coming, among other sources, from nuclear installations, medical uses and f…
🌿 Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges — one-stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg dry matter for materials with a dry matter content above 33 % and at least 95 % by mass of particles below 4 mm (oversize is reduced, without fine grinding; drying only when necessary, at most at 40 °C): a portion equivalent to 175 g dry matter in a 500 ml bottle with grade 3 water (pH 5–7,5, conductivity < 0,5 mS/m) is rotated in an end-over-end device (5–10 rpm), the solid phase is separated, the eluate filtered through a 0,45 µm membrane filter, pH, conductivity (optionally redox potential) measured and the eluate analysed by water methods; dry matter at 105 °C according to ISO 11465 or EN 12880 for sludges, PN-EN 12457-1
On contact with water, waste releases soluble constituents — the main mechanism by which it may endanger the environment in landfilling and …
🌿 Testing of cleanrooms and clean zones — test methods supplementary to air cleanliness classification according to ISO 14644-1: differential pressure (4.2.1/B.1), airflow and air change rate (4.2.2/B.2), airflow direction and visualization (4.2.3/B.3), recovery time after brief exposure to an aerosol (4.2.4/B.4), temperature (4.2.5/B.5), humidity (4.2.6/B.6), installed filter leakage by scanning with a particle counter or aerosol photometer (4.2.7/B.7), containment leakage (4.2.8/B.8), electrostatic and ion generator tests (4.2.9/B.9), particle deposition (4.2.10/B.10) and segregation (4.2.11/B.11); the selection of tests is agreed between customer and supplier, PN-EN ISO 14644-3
Cleanrooms — in pharmaceuticals, medical device manufacturing, microelectronics or the food industry — are classified by the concentration o…
🌿 Preparation of solutions for the determination of metals and metalloids in airborne particulate matter from workplace air — choice of the dissolution method according to the type of limit value: soluble compounds (Annex B), total metals and their compounds (Annexes C–H: HNO3 and HCl on a hotplate, HF and HNO3 with ultrasonic agitation, H2SO4 and H2O2, HNO3 and HClO4, closed-vessel microwave digestion, hot block at 95 °C), mixed exposure (B, then the undissolved residue by one of the methods C–H); checking recovery (at least 90 % with a coefficient of variation below 5 % according to ISO 21832), inclusion of sampler wall deposits, ISO 15202-2
The concentration of metals in workplace dust is compared with limit values — some apply to soluble compounds, others to the total content o…
🌿 Determination of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium nitrogen (mineral nitrogen) in field-moist soil — 40 g of homogenized soil (aggregates < 5 mm) is shaken for 1 h with 200 ml KCl 1 mol/l at 20 ± 2 °C, the extract is centrifuged (about 3000 g, 10 min) and determined in automated segmented flow analysis systems: the sum of nitrate and nitrite after reduction on a Cd-Cu column, nitrite by reaction with sulfanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, ammonium by the salicylate method with dichloroisocyanurate and nitroprusside; moisture according to ISO 11465, PN-ISO 14256-2
Mineral nitrogen in soil — nitrate, nitrite and ammonium — changes after sampling, so it is determined in fresh, field-moist soil protected …
🌿 Determination of elements in sewage sludge, treated biowaste and soil by ICP-OES — solutions after digestion with aqua regia according to EN 16174 or nitric acid according to EN 16173 (tin only after aqua regia); sequential or simultaneous spectrometer, axial or radial viewing; background correction, inter-element correction or multicomponent spectral fitting, internal standard (Sc, Y, Lu, 1–10 mg/l), acid matching, calibration and interference check solutions, rinsing between samples; result on dry matter according to EN 15934, PN-EN 16170
Metals and other elements in sewage sludge, compost and soil are determined in solutions after acid digestion, and ICP-OES can measure many …
🌿 Determination of sulfate in groundwater, drinking water and wastewater by continuous flow analysis (CFA) — after removal of Ca, Mg, Fe and Al on a cation exchange column, sulfate reacts in acid medium with barium chloride (BaSO4), the excess barium is bound in alkaline medium to methylthymol blue, and the absorbance of the unbound dye is measured in a flow detector at 460 ± 10 nm; range 30–300 mg/l SO4 (other ranges covering exactly one decade), at least 5 calibration solutions, addition of 6 mg/l sulfate for linearity in the lower part of the curve; ISO 22743 with corrigendum Cor 1:2007
Sulfate is determined in groundwater, drinking water and wastewater, often in long series of samples. ISO 22743 describes its determination …
🌿 Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) in indoor air and test chamber air — air drawn through a cartridge of silica gel coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), elution of the hydrazones and HPLC analysis with UV or DAD detection at 360 nm; range approx. 1 µg/m³–1 mg/m³, time-weighted average sample (1–24 h or 5–60 min), flow up to 1.5 l/min; 13 carbonyl compounds listed in the scope; ISO 16000-3:2022
Formaldehyde emitted from particle board, insulation, adhesives and furnishings is one of the main pollutants of indoor air, and the same me…
🌿 Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC — eluting from n-hexane to n-hexadecane), very volatile (VVOC) and semi-volatile (SVOC) organic compounds and their sums TVOC and TSVOC in indoor air and in the air of emission test chambers and cells — active sampling of a measured air volume on sorbent tubes (Tenax TA or up to 3 sorbents), thermal desorption via a focusing trap and gas chromatography with a capillary column and MS detector, with or without an additional FID; concentrations from micrograms to several milligrams per cubic metre; ISO 16000-6:2021
Volatile organic compounds in the air of buildings, vehicle cabins and product emission test chambers are usually determined as a list of ta…
🌿 Determination of the mass concentration of ammonia (NH3) in flue gas from stationary sources (e.g. plants with SCR and SNCR deNOx) by automated measuring systems — extractive (direct or indirect measurement) and in situ — with analysers: differential NOx measurement after conversion of NH3 to NO by chemiluminescence or NDUV, FTIR, NDIR with gas filter correlation (GFC), tuneable laser spectroscopy (TLS); performance criteria: response time ≤ 400 s or ≤ 900 s, repeatability standard deviation, lack-of-fit and 24 h drift ≤ 2 % of the upper limit of the range, cross-sensitivity ≤ 4 %, converter efficiencies, losses and leakage ≤ 2 % of the value; ISO 17179:2016
SCR and SNCR flue gas deNOx systems inject ammonia or urea, and unreacted ammonia (the so-called slip) has to be measured — for plant operat…
🌿 Determination of the methane (CH4) concentration in waste gas from stationary sources by an automatic method with a flame ionisation detector (FID) equipped with a catalytic converter that oxidizes all organic compounds except methane — extractive system (FID and sampling system), continuous measurement with permanently installed systems or intermittent measurement, in dry and wet gases; principles, performance criteria and quality assurance procedures; conversion to standard conditions, dry gas and reference oxygen; PN-EN ISO 25140:2011
Methane is a greenhouse gas emitted e.g. from cattle breeding, rice cultivation, extraction and transport of natural gas, landfills, compost…
🌿 Classification of air cleanliness in cleanrooms, clean zones and separative devices by number concentration of airborne particles — ISO Classes 1–9 (Table 1) for threshold sizes from 0.1 to 5 µm, measurement with a light scattering airborne particle counter (LSAPC), occupancy state (as-built, at-rest, operational), designation of the class, compliance criterion for each sampling location, number of locations according to Table A.1 and a statistical model with at least 95 % confidence that at least 90 % of the area meets the limit; M descriptor for macroparticles > 5 µm; PN-EN ISO 14644-1:2016-03
Cleanrooms in pharmaceuticals, microelectronics, medical devices, healthcare or the food industry are classified by the number of particles …
🌿 Semi-quantitative assessment of transparency of waters — height of the water column in a 600 mm × 25 mm glass tube at which a print sample or test mark is still clearly visible (transparent and slightly cloudy waters, laboratory), depth of disappearance of a matt white Secchi disc (20 cm in inland waters, 30 cm in marine waters) lowered on a tape or rope in surface waters, bathing waters and waste water, and visibility of a 25 cm disc assessed by divers at a given depth; result in metres to 0.1 m (below 0.5 m — 0.05 m) stating the diameter and type of disc; PN-EN ISO 7027-2:2019-04
Water transparency — most often the depth at which a white Secchi disc disappears — is a simple measure of light conditions in lakes, rivers…
🌿 Sampling of bottom sediments (unconsolidated and consolidated) from rivers, streams, natural and man-made lakes and estuaries including harbours for chemical, physical, biological and microbiological investigation — choice of sampling site (GPS, sonars, sedimentation conditions) and point, choice of sampler by sediment type (gravel, sand, clay, mud, peat), grabs (van Veen, Ekman, Ponar, Shipek) and corers, influence of meteorological conditions, tides, flow, depth (manual up to 4 m), navigation and macrophytes, composite samples, container materials, storage and transport; ISO 5667-12:2017
Bottom sediments bind chemical substances in particles and pore water, and their investigation — for monitoring, assessing dredged material …
🌿 Determination of 11 phthalates (e.g. DMP, DEP, DiBP, DBP, BBzP, DEHP, DOP) in groundwater, surface water, wastewater and drinking water — solid phase extraction (RP-C18 in glass cartridges, clean-up on alumina), elution with ethyl acetate, separation on a non-polar capillary column of about 30 m and mass spectrometric detection, quantification with internal standards (e.g. D4-DBP, D4-DOP); special measures against phthalate contamination (no plastics, glassware baked at 400 °C, deactivation with isooctane), maximum blank 80 ng/l for each phthalate; samples in the dark at 4 °C for at most 4 days; PN-EN ISO 18856:2006
Phthalates — plasticizers of plastics — are determined in waters and wastewaters at microgram per litre levels, and since they are everywher…
🌿 Continuous measurement of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) concentrations in ambient air by chemiluminescence — NO reacts with excess ozone in the reaction chamber, the radiation of excited NO2 (600–3000 nm) is measured by a photomultiplier or photodiode; NO2 is calculated from the difference after the air has passed through an NO2→NO converter; analysers selected on the basis of type approval testing, suitability at the site assessed by calculating the expanded uncertainty (≤ 15 % for fixed measurements, ≤ 25 % for indicative), requirements for the sampling system (PTFE, FEP, glass, steel; losses < 2.0 %) and quality control; certification range NO2 up to 500 µg/m³, NO up to 1200 µg/m³; PN-EN 14211:2013-02 (withdrawn 29.05.2025, replaced by PN-EN 14211:2025-05)
NO2 and NO concentrations in ambient air are measured by air quality monitoring stations — rural, urban background, traffic and industrial —…
🌿 Guidance on techniques for taking and storing soil samples for physical, chemical, biological and radiological examination (agricultural purposes and contamination investigations, excluding geotechnical investigations and hard strata) — choice of equipment and technique based on preliminary site information, disturbed samples (most tests) and undisturbed samples (e.g. microbiology, volatile compounds — Kubiena box, coring cylinder), spot, slot, stratified, cluster and spatial (composite) samples, gaining access to the sampling point and taking the sample as two steps, prevention of cross-contamination (cleaning equipment between locations, borehole lining, tools of controlled composition), safety and environmental protection; PN-ISO 10381-2:2007 (withdrawn 12.03.2025, no successor indicated)
The result of a soil test depends on how the sample was taken: whether the structure was preserved, whether portions from many points were c…
🌿 Pretreatment of soil samples for physico-chemical analyses — sample description, drying of the whole sample in air (layer ≤ 15 mm, no direct sunlight), in a forced-ventilation oven at a temperature not exceeding 40 °C or by freeze-drying, until the loss in mass is not greater than 5 % (m/m) per day; removal and weighing of stones, glass and roots, crushing to particles ≤ 2 mm, sieving through a 2 mm sieve, subsampling of the < 2 mm fraction (quartering by hand, riffle divider, mechanical divider) to a laboratory sample of 200–300 g and a test sample, and for test portions below 2 g — milling until passing a 250 µm sieve; PN-ISO 11464:1999 (withdrawn 13.11.2025, no successor indicated)
Before dry matter, pH, carbon or metals are determined in soil, the sample must be dried, crushed, sieved through 2 mm and subsampled. PN-IS…
🌿 Organic carbon content of air-dry soil (< 2 mm fraction milled according to ISO 11464) — test portion of 20–500 mg depending on the expected carbon content (carbon mass ≤ 20 mg), oxidation with 5.0 ml of 0.27 mol/l potassium dichromate and 7.5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid in calibrated 75 ml tubes in a heating block at (135 ± 2) °C for 30 min, dilution to 100 ml, settling for 1 h and centrifugation, absorbance of green Cr3+ at 585 nm in a 10 mm cell against a glucose standard series (0–20 mg C); result in g/kg on oven-dry basis (water content according to ISO 11465); not for soils with mineral-reducing compounds (Cl⁻ ≤ 2 mg in the test portion, Fe2+); organic matter = f × organic carbon, f 1.7–2.5; PN-ISO 14235:2003 (withdrawn 20.11.2024, no successor indicated)
In PN-ISO 14235 soil organic carbon is determined by oxidation: potassium dichromate in hot sulfuric acid oxidizes the organic matter, and t…
🌿 Determination of 4-nonylphenol (mixture of isomers) and 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol in non-filtered drinking, ground and surface water (0.005–0.2 µg/l and 0.02–0.2 µg/l) and, depending on the matrix, in waste water (0.1–50 µg/l) — 1 l sample acidified to pH 2, internal standard 4-n-nonylphenol(ring-13C6), extraction with 40 ml of toluene for at least 4 h in the sampling bottle, drying with sodium sulfate, concentration to 50–100 µl, clean-up on silica if necessary, GC-MS in EI mode at 70 eV with diagnostic ions m/z 135 and 107 (internal standard 113), calibration of the total procedure with the internal standard; PN-EN ISO 18857-1:2009
4-Nonylphenol (mixture of isomers) and 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol are determined in drinking, ground and surface water from 0.02 and…
🌿 Automatic photometric determination of chromium(VI), fluoride, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, iron and iron(II), manganese and aluminium in ground, potable, surface water, waste water, eluates and boiler water (marine water after matrix matching) in a discrete analysis system — pre-set volumes of sample and reagents in a separate reaction cell for each determination, incubation, absorbance measurement usually in the 400–880 nm range; filtration of samples through 0.45 µm, calibration according to ISO 8466-1/-2, correction for inherent colour (Annex A), control solution at least once every 20 samples; procedures for parameters in Annexes B–J; result in µg/l or mg/l to three significant figures; ISO/TS 15923-2:2017
A discrete analyser performs many photometric determinations in one instrument, each in a separate reaction cell. The technical specificatio…
🌿 Determination of metals and metalloids in airborne particulate matter in workplace air — quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of test solutions prepared according to ISO 15202-2 from samples collected according to ISO 15202-1; for more than 40 elements for which limit values have been set (among others Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, Zn); assessment of exposure against long-term limit values when sampling at about 2 l/min for 0.5–8 h and against short-term ones where applicable; not for elemental mercury; no significant spectral interferences with suitable isotopes, but affected by inadequate matrix matching; ISO 30011:2010
Workers' exposure to metals and metalloids in air is assessed by collecting dust on a filter, dissolving it and analysing the solution. ISO …
🌿 Calcium carbonate in workplace air — dust collected on a membrane filter, mineralisation in nitric(V) acid, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.8 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 10 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction); PN-Z-04294:2001
Polish standard of 2001 with a method for determining calcium carbonate in workplace air: dust is collected on a membrane filter, the sample…
🌿 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with a solution of dichloromethane and methanol, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 5 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 67 mg/m³, short-term value (NDSCh) 100 mg/m³; PN-Z-04399:2011
Polish standard of 2011 with a method for determining 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol in workplace air: vapours are adsorbed on activated carbon, …
🌿 Calcium hydroxide in workplace air — inhalable and respirable aerosol fractions, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS); lowest determinable concentration 0.1 mg/m³ (inhalable, 720 l) and 0.07 mg/m³ (respirable); not used in the presence of other calcium compounds; MAC (NDS) 2 and 1 mg/m³; PN-Z-04497:2018-09
Polish standard of 2018 with a method for determining calcium hydroxide in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, separately…
🌿 Epoxyethane (ethylene oxide) in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.1 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 1 mg/m³ (0.55 ppm), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04300:2002
Polish standard of 2002 with a method for determining epoxyethane (ethylene oxide) in workplace air: vapours are adsorbed on activated carbo…
🌿 Propan-1-ol in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, desorption with a solution of propan-2-ol in carbon disulphide, gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 20 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 200 mg/m³, NDSCh 600 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04224-3:2003
Polish standard of 2003 with a method for determining propan-1-ol in workplace air: the compound is adsorbed on activated carbon, desorbed w…
🌿 Hydrogen peroxide in workplace air — spectrophotometric method (in the CIOP procedure: absorption in water in a fritted bubbler, reaction with iron(II) ions and xylenol orange, measurement at 560 nm); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.04 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.4 mg/m³, NDSCh 0.8 mg/m³; PN-Z-04548:2023-03
Polish standard of 2023 with a spectrophotometric method for determining hydrogen peroxide in workplace air; according to the PKN catalogue …
🌿 Propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol) in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); in the CIOP procedure adsorption on 400/200 mg activated carbon and desorption with a mixture of carbon disulphide and N,N-dimethylformamide (1:1); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 90 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 900 mg/m³, NDSCh 1200 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04535:2022-01
Polish standard of 2022 with a method for determining propan-2-ol in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection; ac…
🌿 Naphthalene in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on silica gel, desorption with acetone, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 2.5 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 20 mg/m³, NDSCh 50 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04098-3:2005
Polish standard of 2005 with a method for determining naphthalene in workplace air: vapours are adsorbed on silica gel, desorbed with aceton…
🌿 Acrylaldehyde (acrolein) in workplace air — chemisorption on silica gel coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, extraction of the derivative with acetonitrile, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.0125 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.05 mg/m³, NDSCh 0.1 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04045-16:2010 (withdrawn 03-11-2021)
Polish standard of 2010 with a method for determining acrylaldehyde (acrolein) in workplace air: acrylaldehyde is chemically bound on silica…
🌿 Ammonium chloride in workplace air (vapours and inhalable fraction) — aerosol on a membrane filter, elution with dilute sulphuric acid, reaction of ammonium ions with Nessler's reagent, spectrophotometry; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 1.6 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 10 mg/m³, NDSCh 20 mg/m³; PN-Z-04265:2000 (withdrawn 25-09-2017)
Polish standard of 2000 with a method for determining ammonium chloride in workplace air: the aerosol is deposited on a membrane filter, the…
🌿 Copper and its compounds — fumes and dusts — in workplace air: membrane filter, elution of fumes with water, mineralisation of the insoluble part (dusts) with concentrated nitric(V) acid, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.02 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.2 mg/m³ (as Cu); PN-Z-04106-3:2002 (withdrawn 30-01-2020)
Polish standard of 2002 with a method for determining fumes and dusts of copper and its compounds in workplace air: after deposition on a me…
🌿 Cobalt and its compounds in workplace air — membrane filter, mineralisation in aqua regia and concentrated nitric(V) acid, solution in dilute nitric(V) acid, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.01 mg/m³ (as Co), MAC (NDS) 0.02 mg/m³; PN-Z-04291:2003 (withdrawn 11-08-2014)
Polish standard of 2003 with a method for determining cobalt and its compounds in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, wit…
🌿 Butan-2-ol (sec-butyl alcohol) in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated charcoal, desorption with a solution of isopropyl alcohol in carbon disulphide, chromatographic analysis; limit of quantification of the method according to the standard 70 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 300 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 450 mg/m³; PN-Z-04155-4:1996 (withdrawn 22-11-2022)
Polish standard of 1996 with a method for determining sec-butyl alcohol (butan-2-ol) in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated…
🌿 Trichloroethene (trichloroethylene) in workplace air — gas chromatography: a) without sample enrichment, b) with enrichment using carbon disulphide; not applicable in the presence of substances with the same or similar retention time; MAC (NDS) 50 mg/m³ (9.17 ppm), STEL (NDSCh) 100 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04047-02:1978 (withdrawn 10-09-2015)
Polish standard of 1978 with two gas chromatography methods for determining trichloroethylene (trichloroethene) vapours in workplace air — w…
🌿 Toluene in workplace air — gas chromatography: a) without sample enrichment, b) with sample enrichment; not applicable in the presence of substances with the same or similar retention time; MAC (NDS) 100 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 200 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04115-01:1978 (withdrawn 10-09-2015)
Polish standard of 1978 with two gas chromatography methods for determining toluene vapours in workplace air — without and with sample enric…
🌿 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one (diacetone alcohol) in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated charcoal, desorption with a solution of isopropanol in carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 24 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 240 mg/m³; PN-Z-04368:2008
Polish standard of 2008 with a method for determining 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one (diacetone alcohol) in workplace air: the vapours are a…
🌿 Dichloromethane in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated or modified charcoal, desorption with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 8.8 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 88 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 353 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04437:2011
Polish standard of 2011 with a method for determining dichloromethane in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated or modified ch…
🌿 Isopropyl acetate in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated charcoal, desorption with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 50 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 600 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 1000 mg/m³; PN-Z-04119-7:2006
Polish standard of 2006, part 7 of the series on acetic acid esters, with a method for determining isopropyl acetate in workplace air: the v…
🌿 Magnesium oxide in workplace air — flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard about 1 mg/m³ (for 360 l of air), MAC (NDS) 10 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction); PN-Z-04470:2015-10
Polish standard of October 2015 with a method for determining magnesium oxide in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spectrometry; the …
🌿 Methyl methacrylate in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated charcoal, extraction with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; limit of quantification of the method according to the standard 10 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 100 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 300 mg/m³; PN-Z-04113-09:1992 (withdrawn 27-11-2012)
Polish standard of 1992 with a method for determining methyl methacrylate in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated charcoal, …
🌿 n-Octane in workplace air — gas chromatography with sample enrichment; MAC (NDS) 1000 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 1800 mg/m³; PN-Z-04166-02:1986 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Polish standard of 1986 with a method for determining n-octane in workplace air by gas chromatography with sample enrichment — that much is …
🌿 Tetrachloroethene (tetrachloroethylene) in workplace air — gas chromatography with sample enrichment using cumene; MAC (NDS) 85 mg/m³ (12.3 ppm), STEL (NDSCh) 170 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04118-02:1983 (withdrawn 10-09-2015)
Polish standard of 1983 with a method for determining tetrachloroethylene (tetrachloroethene) vapours in workplace air by gas chromatography…
🌿 Formaldehyde in workplace air — colorimetric method with chromotropic acid; MAC (NDS) 0.37 mg/m³ (0.3 ppm), STEL (NDSCh) 0.74 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04045-04:1976 (withdrawn 23-08-2006, replaced by PN-Z-04045-12:2006)
Two-page Polish standard of 1976 with a colorimetric method for determining formaldehyde in workplace air with chromotropic acid — that much…
🌿 Hexavalent chromium in workplace air — paper or membrane filter, elution with sulphuric acid solution containing potassium permanganate, reaction with diphenylcarbazide, colorimetry; limit of quantification according to the standard 0.02 mg/m³ expressed as CrO₃, MAC (NDS) 0.005 mg/m³ expressed as Cr(VI); PN-Z-04126-02:1987 (withdrawn 27-11-2012)
Polish standard of 1987 with a method for determining hexavalent chromium — soluble chromates and chromic acid — in workplace air: the sampl…
🌿 Xylene in workplace air — gas chromatography with sample enrichment; not used in the presence of substances with the same or a similar retention time; MAC (NDS) 100 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 200 mg/m³ (mixture of isomers), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04116-01:1978 (withdrawn 10-09-2015)
Polish standard of 1978 with a method for determining xylene vapours in workplace air by gas chromatography with sample enrichment; accordin…
🌿 Acetone in workplace air — gas chromatography: a) with sample enrichment, b) without sample enrichment; in the presence of substances with the same or a similar retention time — a column of different polarity; MAC (NDS) 600 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 1800 mg/m³; PN-Z-04057-01:1979 (withdrawn 07-07-2015)
Polish standard of 1979 with two gas chromatography methods for determining acetone vapours in workplace air — with and without sample enric…
🌿 Formic acid in workplace air — reduction with magnesium to formaldehyde, reaction with chromotropic acid in sulphuric acid, spectrophotometry; smallest amount determined according to the standard 0.06 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 5 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 15 mg/m³; PN-Z-04196-02:1988 (withdrawn 10-09-2015)
Two-page Polish standard of 1988 with a method for determining formic acid in workplace air: formic acid is reduced with magnesium in the pr…
🌿 Chloroform in workplace air — adsorption on activated charcoal, extraction with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; limit of quantification of the method according to the standard 5 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 8 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04187-02:1988 (withdrawn 10-09-2015)
Polish standard of 1988 with a method for determining chloroform in workplace air: chloroform is adsorbed on activated charcoal, extracted w…
🌿 Methylcyclohexane in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated charcoal, extraction with toluene, gas chromatography; MAC (NDS) 1600 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 3000 mg/m³; PN-Z-04137-02:1984 (withdrawn 08-07-2015)
Polish standard of 1984 with a method for determining methylcyclohexane in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated charcoal, ex…
🌿 Methyl acrylate in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated charcoal, desorption with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; MAC (NDS) 14 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 28 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04113-05:1986 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Polish standard of 1986 with a method for determining methyl acrylate in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated charcoal, deso…
🌿 Phenol in workplace air — determination of phenol vapour content (in accreditation scopes: spectrophotometric method); MAC (NDS) 7.8 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 16 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04044:1970 (withdrawn 10-04-2006)
Two-page Polish standard of 1970 "Determination of phenol vapour content in air" — the PKN card has no "Scope" field, so only the title spea…
🌿 Antimony and its compounds in workplace air — membrane and paper filter, digestion with hydrochloric and nitric acid, flame or hydride atomic absorption spectrometry; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.125 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.5 mg/m³ (as Sb); PN-Z-04146-3:2006 (withdrawn 11-10-2022)
Polish standard of 2006 with a method for determining antimony and its compounds in workplace air: the sample is collected on a membrane fil…
🌿 Selenium and its compounds in workplace air — flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS); not in the presence of gaseous selenium compounds; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard about 0.01 mg/m³ (720 l of air), MAC (NDS) 0.1 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 0.3 mg/m³ (as Se); PN-Z-04468:2015-10
Polish standard of October 2015 with a method for determining selenium and its compounds in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spectro…
🌿 n-Butyl acetate and its isomers — isobutyl acetate and sec-butyl acetate — in workplace air, gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 24 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 240 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 720 mg/m³ for each of the three acetates; PN-Z-04520:2020-12
Polish standard of December 2020 with a method for determining n-butyl acetate and its two isomers — isobutyl acetate and sec-butyl acetate …
🌿 Phenolphthalein in workplace air — high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (HPLC-UV); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.33 mg/m³ (240 l of air), MAC (NDS) 8 mg/m³ for the inhalable fraction; PN-Z-04506:2019-10
Polish standard of October 2019 with a method for determining phenolphthalein in workplace air by high-performance liquid chromatography wit…
🌿 Acrylonitrile in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.1 mg/m³ (24 l of air), MAC (NDS) 1 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 3 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04556:2024-09
Polish standard of September 2024 with a method for determining acrylonitrile in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation d…
🌿 Butyl acrylate in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, extraction with carbon disulfide, gas chromatography; determinability of the method according to the standard 4 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 11 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 30 mg/m³; PN-Z-04113-06:1986 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Polish standard of 1986 with a method for determining butyl acrylate in workplace air: the acrylate is adsorbed on activated carbon, extract…
🌿 Ethyltoluene (mixture of 2-, 3- and 4-ethyltoluene isomers in the laboratories' scopes) in workplace air — adsorption of vapour on activated carbon, extraction with carbon disulfide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 10 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 100 mg/m³ for the mixture of isomers; PN-Z-04016-5:1998
Polish standard of 1998 with a method for determining ethyltoluene in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on activated carbon, extracted w…
🌿 Ethylene glycol in workplace air — vapour on activated carbon, aerosol on a glass-fibre filter, extraction with a solution of methanol in methylene chloride, gas chromatography; determinability according to the standard 65 mg/m³ of vapour and 2.5 mg/m³ of aerosol, MAC (NDS) 15 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 50 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04203-02:1988 (withdrawn 13-02-2007)
Polish standard of 1988 with a method for determining ethylene glycol vapour and aerosol in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on activat…
🌿 Isobutyl acetate in workplace air — adsorption of vapour on activated carbon, desorption with carbon disulfide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 25 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 240 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 720 mg/m³; PN-Z-04119-11:2008 (withdrawn 14-11-2024)
Polish standard of 2008 with a method for determining isobutyl acetate in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on activated carbon, desorbe…
🌿 Isoflurane (inhalation anaesthetic) in workplace air — adsorption of vapour on activated carbon, desorption with toluene, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 1 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 32 mg/m³; PN-Z-04423:2011
Polish standard of 2011 with a method for determining isoflurane — a halogenated inhalation anaesthetic — in workplace air: the vapour is ad…
🌿 Sevoflurane (inhalation anaesthetic) in workplace air — adsorption of vapour on activated carbon, desorption with toluene, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 2 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 55 mg/m³; PN-Z-04429:2011
Polish standard of 2011 with a method for determining sevoflurane — a fluorinated inhalation anaesthetic — in workplace air: the vapour is a…
🌿 Tetrahydrofuran in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 15 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 150 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 300 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04481:2017-10
Polish standard of October 2017 with a method for determining tetrahydrofuran in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation d…
🌿 Acetonitrile in workplace air — adsorption of vapour on activated carbon, desorption with benzene, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 15 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 70 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 140 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04244-2:1996 (withdrawn 07-11-2022)
Polish standard of 1996 with a method for determining acetonitrile in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on activated carbon, desorbed wi…
🌿 Toluene-2,4-diyl diisocyanate and toluene-2,6-diyl diisocyanate (2,4-TDI, 2,6-TDI) in workplace air — high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection (HPLC-FLD); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.00014 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) for diisocyanates as the NCO group; PN-Z-04490:2017-10
Polish standard of October 2017 with a method for determining two isomers of toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI) in workplace air by …
🌿 4,4′-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI; in the standard "4,4-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane") in workplace air — hydrolysis to methylenedianiline, diazotisation, coupling with R-acid sodium salt, colorimetric (spectrophotometric) determination; NDS for diisocyanates as NCO group; PN-Z-04131-02:1981 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Two-page Polish standard of 1981 with a colorimetric method for determining MDI (4,4-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane) in workplace air: MDI is h…
🌿 Diethyl ether (in the standard "eter dwuetylowy") in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, extraction with ethyl acetate, gas chromatography; determinability according to the standard 75 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 300 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 600 mg/m³; PN-Z-04158-02:1986 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Polish standard of 1986 with a method for determining diethyl ether in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated carbon, extracte…
🌿 Epichlorohydrin (1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) in workplace air — gas chromatography with sample enrichment (in the laboratories' scopes GC-FID); MAC (NDS) 1 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04029-01:1981 (withdrawn 30-05-2014)
Polish standard of 1981 with a method for determining epichlorohydrin vapours in workplace air by gas chromatography with sample enrichment;…
🌿 Ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (component of "super glue" adhesives) in workplace air — high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (HPLC-UV); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.1 mg/m³ for 12 l of air, MAC (NDS) 1 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 2 mg/m³; PN-Z-04467:2016-10
Polish standard of October 2016 with a method for determining ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate in workplace air by high-performance liquid chromatograp…
🌿 Acrylamide in workplace air — high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (HPLC-UV); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.007 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.07 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04486:2017-10
Polish standard of October 2017 with a method for determining acrylamide in workplace air by high-performance liquid chromatography with spe…
🌿 Glycerol in workplace air — polypropylene filter, elution with methanol, gas chromatography (in the laboratories' scopes GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 1 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 10 mg/m³ for the inhalable fraction; PN-Z-04374:2009
Polish standard of 2009 with a method for determining glycerol in workplace air: glycerol is retained on a polypropylene filter, eluted with…
🌿 Benzo(a)pyrene in workplace air — glass-fibre filter, extraction with cyclohexane, solution in acetonitrile, high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric (HPLC-FLD) or spectrophotometric detection; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.01 µg/m³ or 0.05 µg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.002 mg/m³ (2 µg/m³), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04240-2:1999
Polish standard of 1999 with a method for determining benzo(a)pyrene in workplace air: air is passed through a glass-fibre filter, the filte…
🌿 Mercury vapour in workplace air — adsorption on hopcalite, elution with nitric(V) acid, cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard about 0.003 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.02 mg/m³ for mercury, its vapour and inorganic compounds (as Hg), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04332:2006
Polish standard of 2006 with a method for determining mercury vapour in workplace air: the vapour is adsorbed on hopcalite, eluted with nitr…
🌿 Sulphuric(VI) acid and sulphur trioxide (in the standard "trójtlenek") in workplace air — membrane filter, mineralisation, reaction with barium chloride in ethylene glycol, turbidimetric measurement; determinability according to the standard 0.20 mg/m³ of sulphuric acid and 0.17 mg/m³ of sulphur trioxide, MAC (NDS) for sulphuric acid 0.05 mg/m³ (thoracic fraction), NDS for sulphur trioxide 1 mg/m³; PN-Z-04056-02:1991 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Polish standard of 1991 with a method for determining sulphuric acid and sulphur trioxide in workplace air: the aerosol is collected on a me…
🌿 Chlorobenzene in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 2.3 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 23 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 70 mg/m³; PN-Z-04537:2022-03
Polish standard of March 2022 with a method for determining chlorobenzene in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detec…
🌿 Dichloromethane (in the standard "methylene chloride") in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, extraction with toluene or cumene, gas chromatography; MAC (NDS) 88 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 353 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04110-02:1983 (withdrawn 15-08-2014)
Polish standard of 1983 with a method for determining dichloromethane (methylene chloride) in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on act…
🌿 Butyl methacrylate in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 10 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 100 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 300 mg/m³; PN-Z-04283:2001
Polish standard of 2001 with a method for determining butyl methacrylate in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated carbon, des…
🌿 Desflurane (halogenated anaesthetic gas) in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with toluene, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 4 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 125 mg/m³; PN-Z-04422:2010
Polish standard of 2010 with a method for determining desflurane — one of the halogenated anaesthetic gases listed in the CIOP procedure for…
🌿 Hydrogen cyanide in air — a 1970 standard whose PKN card has no "Scope" field (the method cannot be determined from the card); in accreditation scopes a spectrophotometric or potentiometric method; MAC (NDS) for hydrogen cyanide and cyanides (as CN) 1 mg/m³, ceiling value (NDSP) 5 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04053:1970 (withdrawn 10-04-2006)
Polish standard of 1970 "Determination of hydrogen cyanide content in air". It is WITHDRAWN (withdrawal date 10-04-2006), the PKN card names…
🌿 Buta-1,3-diene (butadiene) in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.22 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 2.2 mg/m³ (1 ppm); PN-Z-04438:2021-07
Polish standard of July 2021 with a method for determining buta-1,3-diene in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detec…
🌿 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene in workplace air — glass-fibre filter, extraction with cyclohexane, solution in acetonitrile, high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric or spectrophotometric detection; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.10 µg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.004 mg/m³ (4 µg/m³), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04240-4:1999
Polish standard of 1999 with a method for determining dibenz(a,h)anthracene in workplace air: air is passed through a glass-fibre filter, th…
🌿 Titanium and its compounds in workplace air — flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.87 mg/m³ as Ti (720 l of air), MAC (NDS) 10 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 30 mg/m³ (as Ti); PN-Z-04489:2017-10
Polish standard of October 2017 with a method for determining titanium and its compounds in workplace air by flame atomic absorption spectro…
🌿 n-Butane (liquefied petroleum gas component) in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID), samples collected into absorption tubes; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 190 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 1900 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 3000 mg/m³; PN-Z-04252-1:2012
Polish standard of 2012 with a method for determining n-butane in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection, with …
🌿 Propane (liquefied petroleum gas component) in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID), samples collected into absorption tubes; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 180 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 1800 mg/m³; PN-Z-04252-2:2012
Polish standard of 2012 with a method for determining propane in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection, with s…
🌿 Glutaraldehyde in workplace air — glass-fibre filter coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), extraction of the hydrazone with acetonitrile, high-performance liquid chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.04 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.4 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 0.6 mg/m³; PN-Z-04290:2002
Polish standard of 2002 with a method for determining glutaraldehyde in workplace air: air is passed through a glass-fibre filter coated wit…
🌿 Hydroquinone in workplace air — high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (HPLC-UV); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.1 mg/m³ for 20 l of air, MAC (NDS) 1 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 2 mg/m³; PN-Z-04479:2016-10
Polish standard of October 2016 with a method for determining hydroquinone in workplace air by high-performance liquid chromatography with s…
🌿 Vinyl chloride (chloroethene) in workplace air — gas chromatography with sample enrichment; the PKN card gives no limit of quantification; MAC (NDS) 2.6 mg/m³ (1 ppm); PN-Z-04112-01:1978 (withdrawn 15-08-2014)
Polish standard of 1978 with a method for determining vinyl chloride in workplace air by gas chromatography with sample enrichment. The stan…
🌿 Furfuryl alcohol (2-furylmethanol) in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on silica gel, extraction with acetone, gas chromatography; limit of quantification according to the standard 3 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 30 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 60 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04214-02:1990 (withdrawn 30-11-2010)
Polish standard of 1990 with a method for determining furfuryl alcohol (in the NDS list: 2-furylmethanol) in workplace air: the vapours are …
🌿 Number of bacteria in ambient air (immission) — sampling by the aspiration and sedimentation methods (title of the standard), plate method in the laboratories' scopes; PN-Z-04111-02:1989 (withdrawn 25-08-2015); the "Scope" field on the PKN card concerns methylene chloride, not this standard
Polish standard of 1989 from the series "Microbiological tests" of air: according to its title it concerns the determination of the number o…
🌿 Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, (m+p)-xylene and o-xylene in waste gases (emission) — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (packed or capillary columns); limit of quantification according to the standard from 2 to 5 µg/m³ with 30-minute sampling; PN-Z-04016-7:1999
Polish standard of 1999 with a method for determining benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, (m+p)-xylene and o-xylene in waste gases, i.e. in emis…
🌿 Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in workplace air — passive sampling, adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; fourteen compounds (incl. dichloromethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, chloroethene), limit of quantification according to the standard from 0.1 to 3 mg/m³; PN-Z-04325:2006 (withdrawn 17-10-2022)
Polish standard of 2006 with a method for determining fourteen chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in workplace air with passive sampling: th…
🌿 3-Methylbutan-1-ol (isoamyl alcohol) in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with a solution of methanol in carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 50 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 18 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 37 mg/m³; PN-Z-04355:2005 (withdrawn 22-10-2021)
Polish standard of 2005 with a method for determining 3-methylbutan-1-ol (isoamyl alcohol) in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on act…
🌿 1,2-Epoxypropane (propylene oxide) in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.1 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 2.4 mg/m³ (1 ppm); PN-Z-04286:2003
Polish standard of 2003 with a method for determining 1,2-epoxypropane (propylene oxide) in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activ…
🌿 2-Phenoxyethanol in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 14.5 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 230 mg/m³; PN-Z-04538:2022-03
Polish standard of March 2022 with a method for determining 2-phenoxyethanol in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation de…
🌿 Epichlorohydrin (1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) in workplace air — gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.1 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 1 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04540:2022-08
Polish standard of August 2022 with a method for determining 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane (epichlorohydrin) in workplace air by gas chromatogra…
🌿 Carbon tetrachloride in workplace air — gas chromatography without and with sample enrichment; the PKN card gives no limit of quantification; MAC (NDS) 6.4 mg/m³ (1 ppm), STEL (NDSCh) 32 mg/m³ (5 ppm), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04074-02:1977 (withdrawn 27-11-2012)
Polish standard of 1977 with two gas chromatography methods for determining carbon tetrachloride (Polish: "czterochlorek węgla"; in the NDS …
🌿 1,4-Dioxane in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, desorption with a solution of propan-2-ol in carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 5 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) 7.3 mg/m³ (2 ppm) and STEL (NDSCh) 22 mg/m³ after two years from the entry into force of the regulation, until then NDS 50 mg/m³; "skin" notation; PN-Z-04431:2011
Polish standard of 2011 with a method for determining 1,4-dioxane in workplace air: the compound is adsorbed on activated carbon, desorbed w…
🌿 Dibutyl phthalate in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.5 mg/m³ (720 l of air); MAC (NDS) 0.6 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction); PN-Z-04495:2018-09 (withdrawn 20-11-2024)
Polish standard of 2018 with a method for determining dibutyl phthalate in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detecti…
🌿 Turpentine in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on Tenax TA, desorption with methanol, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 30 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 112 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 300 mg/m³; PN-Z-04333:2006
Polish standard of 2006 with a method for determining turpentine in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on Tenax TA, desorbed with metha…
🌿 Formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen cyanide in workplace air — visible-light spectrophotometry with phenylhydrazine and potassium ferricyanide; the PKN card gives no limit of quantification; MAC (NDS) 0.37 mg/m³ (0.3 ppm), STEL (NDSCh) 0.74 mg/m³ (0.6 ppm), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04045-08:1990 (withdrawn 06-03-2012)
Polish standard of 1990 with a spectrophotometric method for determining formaldehyde in workplace air, according to the title — in the pres…
🌿 5-Methylhexan-2-one in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with a solution of methanol in carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 9.5 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 95 mg/m³; PN-Z-04358:2006
Polish standard of 2006 with a method for determining 5-methylhexan-2-one in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated carbon, de…
🌿 1,3-Dioxolane and 1,3,5-trioxane in workplace air — adsorption on silica gel, extraction with distilled water, gas chromatography with sample enrichment; limit of quantification according to the standard 2.5 mg/m³ (1,3-dioxolane) and 3.5 mg/m³ (1,3,5-trioxane), MAC (NDS) 10 and 15 mg/m³; PN-Z-04180-02:1987 (withdrawn 27-11-2012)
Polish standard of 1987 with a method for determining 1,3-dioxolane and 1,3,5-trioxane in workplace air: both compounds are adsorbed on sili…
🌿 2-Methoxyethanol (2-methoxyethyl alcohol) in workplace air — adsorption on activated carbon, extraction, gas chromatography with sample enrichment; limit of quantification according to the standard 5 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) 3 mg/m³ (1 ppm), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04167-02:1986 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Polish standard of 1986 with a method for determining 2-methoxyethyl alcohol (in the NDS list: 2-methoxyethanol) in workplace air: the vapou…
🌿 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with a solution of dichloromethane and methanol, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 5 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 50 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04402:2011
Polish standard of 2011 with a method for determining 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated car…
🌿 Isopentane (2-methylbutane) in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, desorption with carbon disulphide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 150 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 3000 mg/m³; PN-Z-04376:2010
Polish standard of 2010 with a method for determining isopentane in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated carbon, desorbed wi…
🌿 2-Methoxyethyl acetate in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, extraction with chloroform or carbon disulphide, gas chromatography with sample enrichment; limit of quantification according to the standard 6 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 5 mg/m³ (1 ppm), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04184-02:1988 (withdrawn 15-08-2014)
Polish standard of 1988 with a method for determining 2-methoxyethyl acetate in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed on activated carbon,…
🌿 Iodine in workplace air — absorption in a potassium iodide solution with added ethanol, coloured iodine–starch complex, visible-light spectrophotometry; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.05 mg/m³, MAC (NDS) 0.5 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 1 mg/m³; PN-Z-04433:2011
Polish standard of 2011 with a method for determining iodine in workplace air: iodine is absorbed in a potassium iodide solution with added …
🌿 Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) in workplace air — absorption of vapours in distilled water, gas chromatography; the PKN card gives no limit of quantification; MAC (NDS) 1900 mg/m³; PN-Z-04140-02:1985 (withdrawn 06-03-2012)
Polish standard of 1985 with a method for determining ethyl alcohol (in the NDS list: ethanol) in workplace air: the vapours are absorbed in…
🌿 Ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and methacrylic acid in workplace air — gas chromatography with sample enrichment; the PKN card gives no limit of quantification; MAC (NDS) for ethyl acrylate 20 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 40 mg/m³; for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate 35 / 70 mg/m³; both "skin"; PN-Z-04113-02:1978 (withdrawn 15-08-2014)
Polish standard of 1978 with a gas chromatography method with sample enrichment for determining the vapours of three compounds in air surrou…
🌿 Acrylaldehyde (acrolein) in workplace air — adsorption of vapours on activated carbon, gas chromatography with sample enrichment; the PKN card gives no limit of quantification; MAC (NDS) 0.05 mg/m³ (0.02 ppm), STEL (NDSCh) 0.1 mg/m³, "skin" notation; PN-Z-04045-06:1982 (withdrawn 27-11-2012)
Polish standard of 1982 with a method for determining acrolein (in the NDS list: acrylaldehyde) in workplace air: the vapours are adsorbed o…
🌿 Propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol) in workplace air — silica gel, distilled water, gas chromatography; limit of quantification according to the standard 240 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) 900 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 1200 mg/m³, "skin"; PN-Z-04224-02:1992 (withdrawn 27-11-2012)
Polish standard of 1992 with a method for determining isopropyl alcohol (propan-2-ol) in workplace air: adsorption of the vapour on silica g…
🌿 Butan-2-one (methyl ethyl ketone) in workplace air — gas chromatography with or without sample enrichment; MAC (NDS) 450 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 900 mg/m³, "skin"; PN-Z-04107-02:1979 (withdrawn 04-06-2014, replaced by PN-Z-04449:2014-06)
Polish standard of 1979 with two methods for determining methyl ethyl ketone (butan-2-one) in workplace air: gas chromatography with sample …
🌿 Trichloroethene (trichloroethylene) in workplace air — activated carbon, cumene, gas chromatography with sample enrichment; MAC (NDS) 50 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 100 mg/m³, "skin"; PN-Z-04047-03:1983 (withdrawn 10-09-2015)
Polish standard of 1983 with a method for determining trichloroethylene (trichloroethene) in workplace air: adsorption of the vapour on acti…
🌿 4-Methylpentan-2-one (methyl isobutyl ketone) in workplace air — activated carbon, acetone, gas chromatography with sample enrichment; limit of quantification according to the standard 50 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) 83 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 200 mg/m³; PN-Z-04165-02:1986 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Polish standard of 1986 with a method for determining methyl isobutyl ketone (4-methylpentan-2-one) in workplace air: adsorption of the vapo…
🌿 Chlorobenzene in workplace air — activated carbon, carbon disulfide, gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 10 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) 23 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 70 mg/m³; PN-Z-04022-3:2001 (withdrawn 07-03-2022, replaced by PN-Z-04537:2022-03)
Polish standard of 2001 with a method for determining chlorobenzene in workplace air: adsorption of the vapour on activated carbon, desorpti…
🌿 Methanol (methyl alcohol) in workplace air — absorption of the vapour in distilled water, gas chromatography; MAC (NDS) 100 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 300 mg/m³, "skin"; PN-Z-04028-01:1981 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Polish standard of 1981 with a method for determining methyl alcohol (methanol) in workplace air: absorption of the vapour in distilled wate…
🌿 Buta-1,3-diene (1,3-butadiene) in workplace air — gas chromatography with sample enrichment (method A) or without enrichment (method B); limit of quantification according to the standard 30 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) 2.2 mg/m³ (1 ppm); PN-Z-04014-02:1984 (withdrawn 07-07-2015)
Polish standard of 1984 with two methods for determining 1,3-butadiene (buta-1,3-diene) in workplace air: gas chromatography with sample enr…
🌿 Acetone, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 2-ethylhexanol, dibutyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the mixture from processing plasticised PVC — workplace air; activated carbon and glass fibre, methanol in carbon disulfide, gas chromatography; PN-Z-04231-02:1993 (withdrawn 15-08-2014)
Polish standard of 1993 with a method for determining seven substances — acetone, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 2-ethylhexanol, dibutyl ph…
🌿 Cobalt and its compounds in workplace air — graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard about 0.002 mg/m³ (720 l of air); MAC (NDS) 0.02 mg/m³ as Co; PN-Z-04454:2014-08
Polish standard of 2014 with a method for determining cobalt and its compounds in workplace air by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectr…
🌿 Ammonia in workplace air — indophenol method (sodium hypochlorite, phenol, sodium nitroprusside), visible-light spectrophotometry; limit of quantification according to the standard 4 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) 14 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 28 mg/m³; PN-Z-04009-03:1990 (withdrawn 17-10-2011)
Polish standard of 1990 with a method for determining ammonia in workplace air: the reaction of ammonia with sodium hypochlorite and phenol …
🌿 Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) in workplace air — gas chromatography without enrichment or with sample enrichment using carbon disulfide; MAC (NDS) 88 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 353 mg/m³, "skin"; PN-Z-04110-01:1977 (withdrawn 27-11-2012)
Polish standard of 1977 with two methods for determining methylene chloride (dichloromethane) in workplace air: gas chromatography without s…
🌿 Phenol in the air of rooms intended for permanent occupancy — silica gel, ether, gas chromatography with sample enrichment; limit of quantification according to the standard 0.0004 mg/m³; PN-Z-04159-10:1989 (withdrawn 07-07-2015)
Polish standard of 1989 with a method for determining phenol in the air of rooms intended for permanent occupancy: adsorption of the vapour …
🌿 N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) in workplace air — gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID); lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 1 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) 35 mg/m³ (9.7 ppm), STEL (NDSCh) 70 mg/m³ (19 ppm), "skin" notation; PN-Z-04491:2017-10
Polish standard of 2017 with a method for determining N,N-dimethylacetamide in workplace air by gas chromatography with flame ionisation det…
🌿 Bisphenol A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane) in workplace air — high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric or fluorescence detection; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 0.107 mg/m³ (840 l of air); MAC (NDS) 2 mg/m³ for the inhalable fraction; PN-Z-04568:2025-06
Polish standard of 2025 with a method for determining 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A) in workplace air by high-performance liq…
🌿 2-Methoxypropyl acetate in workplace air — activated carbon, carbon disulfide, gas chromatography; lowest determinable concentration according to the standard 5 mg/m³; MAC (NDS) 100 mg/m³, STEL (NDSCh) 200 mg/m³; PN-Z-04305:2003
Polish standard of 2003 with a method for determining 2-methoxypropyl acetate in workplace air: adsorption of the vapour on activated carbon…
🌿 Hearing protectors — recommendations for selection, use, care and maintenance (a guidance document, not a measurement method); in accreditation scopes for the selection of hearing protectors at workplaces, together with noise measurement in octave bands and calculation of the level under the protector according to PN-EN ISO 4869-2; PN-EN 458:2026-05 (replaced PN-EN 458:2016-06)
A European guidance document with recommendations for the selection, use, care and maintenance of hearing protectors; according to the descr…
🌱 Air-dry and dry matter of plant material for agricultural chemical analysis — two gravimetric methods: air-dry matter in fresh material (natural or artificial drying at no more than 60 °C with forced air circulation) and dry matter in air-dry material (105 ± 2 °C for 3 h to constant mass), with dry matter recalculated to fresh material; PN-R-04013:1988 (withdrawn standard)
A Polish standard of 1988 from the series on agricultural chemical analysis of plants with two gravimetric methods: determination of air-dry…
🏗️ Construction
🏗️ Compressive Strength of Concrete
Determination of compressive strength of concrete specimens (cubes, cylinders) using a hydraulic press. Fundamental parameter for concrete c…
⛰️ Sieve Analysis of Aggregate
Determination of particle size distribution (grading) of aggregate by sieving through a set of standardized mesh sieves. Fundamental aggrega…
🛤️ CBR Bearing Ratio of Soil
Laboratory determination of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of soil by standard plunger penetration method. Key test for pavement design.
⚙️ Tensile Test of Steel
Static tensile test of metallic materials at room temperature. Determination of yield strength, tensile strength and elongation.
🔩 Brinell Hardness
Hardness measurement of metals by indentation of cemented carbide ball with specified force. HBW designation — universal method for steel, c…
⚙️ Bend Test of Metals
Testing the ability of metallic materials for plastic deformation in bending. Three-point test with mandrel of specified diameter to require…
🏗️ Soil Moisture Content
Determination of natural moisture content of soil by drying in laboratory oven at 105–110°C to constant mass. Fundamental geotechnical param…
🧱 Cement Strength
Determination of cement compressive and flexural strength on 40×40×160 mm standard mortar prisms. Basis for cement classification into stren…
🧱 Cement Setting Time (Vicat)
Determination of initial and final setting time of cement using Vicat apparatus and testing of soundness (expansion). Key cement quality par…
❄️ Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Concrete
Testing concrete resistance to cyclic freezing and thawing. Direct method (Polish) or CF/CDF (European) with assessment of mass loss and str…
❄️ Concrete Frost Resistance
Testing concrete resistance to cyclic freezing and thawing. Critical durability parameter for structures exposed to atmospheric conditions i…
🔩 Reinforcing Steel Testing (Tensile, Bending)
Testing mechanical properties of reinforcing steel: tensile test (Re, Rm, A), bending/reverse bending test. Compliance control with PN-EN 10…
💧 Water Absorption of Masonry Units
Determination of water absorption (absorptivity) of bricks and calcium silicate units by immersion method. Key durability parameter for maso…
⛏️ Proctor Test — Optimum Moisture and Density
Determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content by Proctor compaction method. Fundamental geotechnical test in road constr…
🌡️ Building Thermography
Thermographic building inspection with infrared camera to detect thermal defects: thermal bridges, air leaks, moisture, insulation gaps.
🌀 Blower Door Airtightness Test
Measurement of building air permeability by fan pressurization method (Blower Door). Determination of air change rate n₅₀ at 50 Pa.
🧊 Thermal Conductivity Coefficient λ
Determination of thermal conductivity coefficient λ of insulation and building materials by guarded hot plate (GHP) or heat flow meter (HFM)…
🔥 Fire reaction of construction materials
Fire classification of construction products according to Euroclass system (A1–F) based on series of fire reaction tests: non-combustibility…
💧 Concrete water permeability
Testing depth of water penetration under pressure in hardened concrete. Key durability parameter of concrete structures exposed to water.
⛰️ Aggregate sand equivalent
Determination of sand equivalent of 0/2 mm fine aggregate fraction. Assessment of aggregate cleanliness — ratio of sand fraction to silt-cla…
🧱 Chloride content in concrete
Determination of total acid-soluble chloride content in hardened concrete by potentiometric or Volhard titration. Key test for reinforcement…
⛰️ Aggregate bulk density
Determination of loose bulk density and voids (porosity) of natural and artificial aggregates with grain size up to 63 mm.
⚖️ Balance Calibration and Verification
Verification of non-automatic weighing instruments with determination of indication errors, repeatability, eccentricity and minimum sample w…
🔬 Pipette Calibration (Volumetric)
Gravimetric determination of systematic and random errors of piston-operated pipettes according to ISO 8655. Mandatory in every analytical l…
🔍 Penetrant Testing (PT)
Detection of surface discontinuities (cracks, porosity, laps) in metallic and non-metallic materials using colored or fluorescent penetrant.…
🧲 Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
Detection of surface and near-surface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials (steels, cast irons) using magnetic powder in external magn…
🔊 Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
Detection and sizing of internal and surface defects in metallic materials using ultrasonic waves. Allows testing of full material volume — …
🏗️ Consistence of fresh concrete by the slump test
Determination of the consistence of fresh concrete by measuring the slump of the Abrams cone after the mould has been lifted. The method giv…
🏗️ Air content of fresh concrete — pressure methods
Two pressure methods (the water column method and the pressure gauge method) for determining the air content of compacted fresh concrete, ba…
🏗️ Flexural strength of concrete (two-point loading)
Bending of concrete beams by two upper and two lower rollers (a span of 3d) at a constant rate of stress of 0.04–0.06 MPa/s; the reference m…
🏗️ Tensile splitting strength of concrete
Compression of a cylinder along a generatrix through strips of hardboard until it splits; the result fct = 2F/(π·L·d). The reference method:…
🏗️ Density of hardened concrete
Determination of the density of concrete as received, water-saturated or oven-dried; the volume by the reference method of water displacemen…
🏗️ Cores taken from structures — taking, examining and testing in compression
Drilling of cores from hardened concrete, their examination and measurement, the preparation of the ends (grinding or capping) and testing i…
🏗️ Resistance of aggregate to fragmentation — the Los Angeles coefficient
Tumbling of 5 kg of 10/14 mm aggregate with 11 steel balls in the Los Angeles drum (500 revolutions) and determination of the mass retained …
🏗️ Resistance of aggregate to wear — the micro-Deval coefficient
Wear of 2 × 500 g of 10/14 mm aggregate with 5 kg of Ø 10 mm steel balls and 2.5 l of water per drum in micro-Deval drums (12 000 revolution…
🏗️ Particle density and water absorption of aggregate (the wire basket and pyknometer methods)
The reference methods: the wire basket (particles > 31.5 mm) and the pyknometer (31.5/4 mm and 4/0.063 mm); three particle densities (ρrd, ρ…
🏗️ Particle shape of aggregate — the flakiness index FI
Sieving in two stages: separation into di/Di fractions on square-hole sieves, then sieving of each fraction on a bar sieve with a slot of Di…
🛤️ Soluble binder content of an asphalt mixture
Extraction of the binder with a solvent (hot or cold), separation of the filler from the solution and determination of the amount of binder …
🛤️ Bulk density of compacted specimens of an asphalt mixture
Four procedures: A (dry), B (saturated surface-dry — SSD), C (sealed specimen) and D (by dimensions); the choice depends on the content and …
🛤️ Void characteristics of specimens of an asphalt mixture (Va, VFB)
Calculation of the void content Va = (ρm − ρb)/ρm · 100 from the density (PN-EN 12697-5) and the bulk density (PN-EN 12697-6 or -7) and of t…
🏗️ Freeze-thaw resistance of concrete — the ordinary method (the F grades)
Cycles of freezing the specimens in air (−18 ± 2 °C, ≥ 4 h) and thawing them in water (+18 ± 2 °C, 2–4 h); the criteria: no cracks, a loss o…
🏗️ Concrete paving blocks — tensile splitting strength, abrasion resistance, water absorption and freeze/thaw resistance with salt
A set of acceptance tests for concrete paving blocks. The characteristic tensile splitting strength must not be less than 3.6 MPa, no indivi…
🏗️ Freeze/thaw resistance of coarse aggregate — 10 cycles of freezing to −17.5 °C under water and thawing in a bath at about 20 °C
Water-soaked specimens of single-sized aggregate are subjected to 10 cycles of freezing and thawing: cooling to −17.5 °C under water and tha…
🏗️ Longitudinal evenness of a pavement — measurement of the profile with a laser profilograph and determination of the IRI
The longitudinal profile of the pavement is measured with an inertial profilograph travelling at the speed of the traffic flow: laser sensor…
🏗️ Thickness of a bituminous pavement and of its layers — measurement on drilled cores and the electromagnetic method
The standard describes two methods. The first, destructive, consists in measuring cores drilled through the full depth of the pavement: four…
🏗️ Shape index of coarse aggregate (SI) — classification of particles with a calliper according to the ratio of length to thickness
The particles of a coarse aggregate are classified individually according to the ratio of their length L to their thickness E, measured wher…
🏗️ Rebound number of hardened concrete — the sclerometric test with a Schmidt hammer
A spring throws an impact mass which strikes a plunger held against the surface of the concrete. The result is expressed as a rebound number…
🏗️ Making and curing concrete specimens for strength tests — moulding, compaction and curing
The fresh concrete sample taken is remixed, placed in the moulds in layers and compacted mechanically or by hand with a rod or a tamping bar…
🏗️ Methods for reducing laboratory samples of aggregates — PN-EN 932-2
The standard describes how to obtain a smaller test portion from a large laboratory sample of aggregate so that it retains the particle size…
🏗️ Test sieves, nominal size of apertures for aggregates — PN-EN 933-2
The standard specifies a single set of nominal aperture sizes for sieves used to determine the grading of aggregates — separately for perfor…
🏗️ Sampling of fresh concrete — composite and spot samples, PN-EN 12350-1
The standard specifies two methods of sampling fresh concrete — the composite sample and the spot sample — together with the common apparatu…
🏗️ Shape, dimensions and tolerances for concrete specimens and moulds — PN-EN 12390-1
The standard specifies the shapes, dimensions and tolerances for concrete specimens — cubes, cylinders and prisms — and for the moulds used …
🏗️ Testing machines for compressive strength testing of concrete — PN-EN 12390-4
The standard specifies requirements for machines used to test the compressive strength of concrete — specimens to EN 12390-3 and cores to EN…
🏗️ Common equipment and calibration in aggregate testing — PN-EN 932-5
The standard gathers in one place the requirements for equipment used in many aggregate tests, the procedures for its calibration and checki…
🏗️ Taking and preparing samples of cement — PN-EN 196-7
The standard describes the equipment, the procedures and the preparation for taking samples of cement representing a lot — before delivery, …
🏗️ Assessment of in-situ compressive strength of concrete — direct and indirect methods, PN-EN 13791
The standard sets out methods and procedures for estimating the compressive strength of concrete in an existing structure and in precast com…
🏗️ Density of a bituminous mixture — volumetric, hydrostatic and mathematical methods, PN-EN 12697-5
The standard sets out three methods for determining the density of a bituminous mixture in the loose state: volumetric, hydrostatic and math…
🏗️ Concrete — specification, performance, production and conformity, PN-EN 206
The basic product standard for concrete. The catalogue card lists seven areas of its requirements — from constituents to conformity criteria…
🏗️ Aggregates for concrete — product requirements, PN-EN 12620
The product standard specifying the properties of aggregates and fillers intended for concrete — obtained from natural, manufactured and rec…
🏗️ Aggregates for bituminous mixtures — product requirements, PN-EN 13043
The product standard for aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface treatments on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. The count…
🏗️ Common cement — 39 products in nine strength classes, PN-EN 197-1
The product standard defining 27 common cements, 7 sulfate-resisting ones and 3 + 2 low early strength blastfurnace cements (the latter two …
🏗️ Permissible A-weighted sound level in rooms — PN-B-02151-2
The standard sets the highest permissible A-weighted sound levels in rooms intended for human occupancy — from the building services equipme…
🏗️ Assessment and verification of constancy of performance of cement (AVCP) — PN-EN 197-2
The second part of the cement standard: it defines not the products but the SYSTEM of their supervision — factory production control, autoco…
🏗️ Type testing of bituminous mixtures — the AVCP procedure, PN-EN 13108-20
The standard sets out the Type Testing procedure — a set of tests carried out once for a given mixture in order to demonstrate its performan…
🏗️ Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials — PN-EN 13242
The third product standard for aggregates in this knowledge base — alongside PN-EN 12620 (concrete) and PN-EN 13043 (bituminous mixtures). I…
🔥 Emissions of CO, NOx, OGC and dust and efficiency of solid-fuel fireplaces, stoves and cookers — PN-EN 16510-1
Umbrella standard for residential solid-fuel burning appliances: design and performance requirements, test methods for emissions of carbon m…
🏗️ Chemical analysis of cement — reference methods and alternative XRF and ICP-OES methods — PN-EN 196-2
The standard gives methods for the chemical analysis of cement: reference methods and — for some determinations — alternative methods, X-ray…
🔥 Testing of solid-fuel boilers with an output up to 500 kW — safety, efficiency and emissions — PN-EN 303-5
The basic reference document for solid-fuel boilers with a nominal heat output up to 500 kW: terminology, design and safety requirements, te…
🪵 Testing of solid-fuel roomheaters — product part PN-EN 16510-2-1
The product part of the 16510 series for roomheaters — freestanding and built-in, with manual fuel feeding. It is ALWAYS applied together wi…
🏠 Testing of fireplace inserts and open fireplaces — product part PN-EN 16510-2-2
The product part of the 16510 series for inset appliances — fireplace inserts and open fires — whose surround is integrated with the buildin…
🍳 Testing of solid-fuel cookers — product part PN-EN 16510-2-3
The product part of the 16510 series for hand-fired residential cookers whose primary function is cooking, while supplying heat to the room …
⚙️ Testing of mechanically fed wood pellet appliances — product part PN-EN 16510-2-6
The product part of the 16510 series for pellet appliances with mechanical fuel feeding with a nominal heat output up to 50 kW: roomheaters,…
📕 Roomheaters fired by solid fuel — PN-EN 13240 (standard WITHDRAWN, replaced by the PN-EN 16510 series)
STANDARD WITHDRAWN on 28-08-2018, replaced by PN-EN 16510-1:2018-08, and five years later also by the product part PN-EN 16510-2-1:2023-06. …
📕 Fireplace inserts and open fireplaces — PN-EN 13229 (standard WITHDRAWN, replaced by the PN-EN 16510 series)
STANDARD WITHDRAWN on 28-08-2018, replaced by PN-EN 16510-1:2018-08, and subsequently also by the product part PN-EN 16510-2-2:2023-06 and t…
📕 Space heaters fired by pellets — PN-EN 14785 (standard WITHDRAWN, replaced by product part PN-EN 16510-2-6)
STANDARD WITHDRAWN on 02-06-2023, replaced by PN-EN 16510-2-6:2023-06 — exactly on the day that product part was published. It is the only o…
🪨 Determination of the water content of aggregates by drying — PN-EN 1097-5
The REFERENCE method for determining the water content of aggregates: weighing, drying in a ventilated oven at (110 ± 5) °C to constant mass…
🛣️ Sampling of bituminous mixtures — PN-EN 12697-27
The standard describes an ACTIVITY, not a measurement: ten ways of sampling bituminous mixtures — from a truck, from beneath the paver auger…
🏗️ Testing of building soil samples — collective standard (PN-88/B-04481)
A collective standard for laboratory testing of building soil: water content, density, particle size distribution, organic matter content an…
⛏️ Sampling of aggregates (PN-EN 932-1)
Methods for sampling and reducing samples of aggregates, and definitions on which it depends what every later result concerns: batch, increm…
🧪 Chemical analysis of aggregates (PN-EN 1744-1)
Methods for the chemical analysis of aggregates: water-soluble sulfates and chlorides, total sulphur, humus, lightweight contaminators, dica…
🛣️ Earthworks for motor roads — modulus of deformation and bearing ratio (PN-S-02205)
Requirements and tests for earthworks in the construction of roads, streets, squares, car parks and airfields. A standard from 1998, still c…
🛣️ Particle size distribution of bituminous mixtures — sieving of the aggregate recovered after extraction, PN-EN 12697-2
Determination of the particle size distribution of the aggregate from a bituminous mixture by sieving — on the aggregate recovered after ext…
🛣️ Wheel tracking of bituminous mixtures — resistance to permanent deformation, PN-EN 12697-22
Assessment of the susceptibility of bituminous mixtures to deform under load on the basis of the rut formed by repeated passes of a loaded w…
🏗️ Bond strength by pull-off of grouts, mortars, concretes and surface protection systems used for the protection and repair of concrete, thickness up to 50 mm; PN-EN 1542:2000
The bond of a repair or protection product to concrete is measured by pulling off from the substrate a disc bonded to the surface of the lay…
🔥 Gross heat of combustion of products (PCS) in a bomb calorimeter — reaction to fire test, homogeneous and non-homogeneous products, net heat (PCI) by calculation; PN-EN ISO 1716:2018-08
A method from the group of reaction to fire tests: a specimen of a solid product is burned at constant volume, in an oxygen atmosphere, in a…
🔥 Non-combustibility test of products — specimen in a tube furnace, temperature rise, mass loss and duration of sustained flaming; homogeneous products and substantial components of non-homogeneous products; PN-EN ISO 1182:2020-12
A test from the reaction to fire group, intended for identifying construction products that are not entirely inert but at a temperature of a…
🏗️ Concrete kerb units — bending strength, water absorption, abrasion resistance, freeze-thaw resistance with de-icing salt, dimensions and slip resistance according to the annexes of the product standard; PN-EN 1340
Precast kerbs, drainage channel units and complementary fittings made of unreinforced concrete are tested according to the normative annexes…
🏗️ Concrete paving flags — bending strength and breaking load, water absorption, freeze-thaw resistance with de-icing salt, abrasion resistance, slip resistance and dimensions according to the annexes of the product standard; PN-EN 1339
Concrete paving flags (length up to 1 m, length greater than four times the thickness) are tested according to the annexes of the product st…
❄️ Freeze-thaw resistance of concrete in the presence of de-icing salt — surface scaling, slab test with 3 % NaCl or water; PKN-CEN/TS 12390-9
Resistance of concrete to scaling during cyclic freezing and thawing with de-ionized water or with a 3 % sodium chloride solution — a techni…
🪨 Uniaxial compressive strength of natural stone — at least 10 cubes or cylinders with a side/diameter of 70 or 50 mm, dried at 70 °C, loaded at a constant rate of stress increase of 1 ± 0.5 MPa/s; PN-EN 1926
The uniaxial compressive strength of natural stone is determined on at least 10 cubes with an edge of 70 ± 5 mm or 50 ± 5 mm (or cylinders w…
⛏️ Density index ID of non-cohesive soils and subgrade by the light dynamic probe (DPL, SD) — clause 6 of the field-test standard PN-B-04452
A standard for field tests in geotechnics: static and dynamic probing, pressuremeter, dilatometer, vane test, plate load test, drilling and …
🛣️ Horizontal road markings — luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd (Annex A) and coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL (Annex B), performance classes, PN-EN 1436
Performance of white and yellow road markings for road users — reflection in daylight and under road lighting (Qd, β), retroreflection in ve…
🔥 Ignitability of products under a single flame — 20 mm propane flame for 15 s or 30 s applied to the surface or edge of a vertical 250 × 90 mm specimen, flame spread and ignition of the filter paper below the specimen, PN-EN ISO 11925-2
Reaction-to-fire test: a small propane flame 20 mm high is applied at 45° to a vertically suspended product specimen — to the surface (40 mm…
🏗️ Percentage of crushed, totally crushed and totally rounded particles in natural aggregate 4/63 mm — manual sorting of at least 100 particles per fraction and weighing, PN-EN 933-5
Reference method (for type testing and in case of dispute): a sample of coarse or all-in aggregate, fraction 4/63 mm, is sorted by hand into…
🏗️ Airborne sound insulation between rooms in a building — field measurements in one-third-octave bands 100–3150 Hz: level difference D, Dn, DnT and apparent sound reduction index R′, PN-EN ISO 140-4
Field measurement of the sound insulation of walls, floors and doors between two rooms under diffuse sound field conditions: a loudspeaker i…
🏗️ Single-number quantities of airborne sound insulation (Rw, R′w, DnT,w, Dn,w, Dn,e,w and others) with spectrum adaptation terms C and Ctr — shifting the reference curve, one-third-octave or octave measurements, PN-EN ISO 717-1
Converting frequency-dependent airborne sound insulation — measured in the laboratory (e.g. ISO 10140-2) or in the building (e.g. ISO 16283-…
⛏️ Aggregates for railway ballast — grading, shape, particle length, Los Angeles, impact, micro-Deval, freeze-thaw resistance and requirement categories; test conditions for ballast in Annexes C–G, PN-EN 13450
Product standard for crushed aggregates for railway ballast: categories of grading (sizes 31.5/50 and 31.5/63 mm), fines, shape, particle le…
🏗️ Field measurement of airborne sound insulation between rooms — DnT and R′ in one-third-octave bands 50–5000 Hz, default and low-frequency procedure, fixed, continuously-moving and manually-scanned microphones, PN-EN ISO 16283-1
Determining the airborne sound insulation between two rooms in a building from sound pressure measurements: loudspeakers in the source room,…
🔩 Welded fabric and lattice girders for the reinforcement of concrete — tensile test with a welded intersection (Agt), bend test at the intersection, weld shear force Fs, fatigue test, geometry, PN-EN ISO 15630-2
Chemical, mechanical and geometrical test methods for welded fabric and lattice girders for the reinforcement of concrete: tensile test of a…
🔥 Reaction to fire of floorings and floor coverings — flame spread along a horizontal specimen under a gas-fired radiant panel, critical heat flux (CHF, HF-30) and smoke production, PN-EN ISO 9239-1
Assessment of how far a flame spreads along a horizontally mounted flooring when the heat flux from a gas-fired radiant panel inclined at 30…
🏗️ Fly ash — fineness determined as the residue on a sieve with 0.045 mm apertures by wet sieving, reference method, PN-EN 451-2
Determination of the fineness of fly ash — what percentage of the sample mass remains on a sieve with 0.045 mm apertures (ISO 565) after wet…
🔩 Prestressing steel for concrete (bars, wires, strands) — tensile test with Agt and modulus of elasticity, bend test, reverse bend test of wire, relaxation, fatigue, stress corrosion, deflected tensile test, geometry and mass per metre, PN-EN ISO 15630-3
Test methods for prestressing steel for concrete — bars, wires and strands: tensile test (Fp0,1, Fp0,2, Fm, Agt, A, Z and the modulus of ela…
🏗️ Liquid limit wL and plastic limit wP of soil and plasticity index IP — fall cone method (60 g/60° or 80 g/30° cone) or Casagrande method and thread rolling, on the fraction below approx. 0,4 mm or natural soil, PN-EN ISO 17892-12
Determination of two Atterberg limits of soil: the liquid limit (water content at the transition from the liquid to the plastic state) by th…
🧱 Compressive strength of masonry units (clay, calcium silicate, aggregate concrete and aerated concrete, stone) — surface preparation by grinding or capping with mortar, conditioning, loading to failure in a compression machine, PN-EN 772-1
Determination of the compressive strength of masonry units — clay, calcium silicate, aggregate concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufa…
🏗️ Resistance of aggregates to freezing and thawing in the presence of salt (1 % NaCl, 10 cycles) — PN-EN 1367-6
The resistance of coarse aggregate to freezing and thawing in a 1 % sodium chloride solution: three test portions, 10 cycles between -17.5 °…
🏗️ Particle size distribution of soils — sieving, hydrometer and pipette methods — PN-EN ISO 17892-4
The particle size distribution of soil — the basis of soil classification — determined by sieving, by sedimentation (hydrometer or pipette) …
🧱 Flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortar — cement/air-lime, air-lime, hydraulic-binder and retarded mortars: 160 × 40 × 40 mm prisms from three-gang moulds, three-point bending to failure, compression of both halves, PN-EN 1015-11
Determination of the flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortar: three prisms of 160 mm × 40 mm × 40 mm are moulded from a sample …
🧱 Indentation (depth of penetration) of mastic asphalt and other bituminous mixtures with aggregate up to 16 mm — pressing a cylindrical indentor pin with a flat, circular base into a cube specimen (70,7 mm edge) or a cylindrical specimen, PN-EN 12697-20
Determination of the depth of indentation (penetration) of mastic asphalt and other bituminous mixtures when a force acts on them through a …
🧱 Siliceous fly ash for concrete (type II addition) — chemical and physical requirements: loss on ignition in categories A, B, C, chloride, sulfate (SO3), free and reactive calcium oxide, reactive silica, sum of SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3, alkalis, MgO, phosphate, fineness on the 0,045 mm sieve, activity index at 28 and 90 days, PN-EN 450-1
Requirements for siliceous fly ash used as a type II addition to concrete (also to mortars and grouts): loss on ignition in categories A ≤ 5…
🏗️ Methylene blue value of aggregates (MB) — dye adsorption by clay minerals in the 0/2 mm fraction of fine and all-in aggregates: portions of a 10 g/l methylene blue solution added to a suspension of at least 200 g of the fraction in 500 ml of water, after each portion a stain test on filter paper, result in grams of dye per kilogram of the fraction; reference method for type testing and disputes, MBF for the 0/0,125 mm fraction in Annex A, PN-EN 933-9
Reference method (for type testing and in disputes) for determining the methylene blue value MB of the 0/2 mm fraction of fine or all-in agg…
🏗️ Field measurement of impact sound insulation of floors and stairs in buildings — tapping machine (L′n, L′nT in one-third-octave bands 100–3150 Hz, optionally 50–80 and 4000–5000 Hz) or rubber ball dropped from 100 cm (L′i,Fmax,V,T in bands 50–630 Hz), receiving rooms 10–250 m³, default procedure and low-frequency procedure for rooms below 25 m³, fixed, mechanically moved and manually scanned microphones, PN-EN ISO 16283-2
Field determination of the impact sound insulation of floors and stairs in a building: an impact source (tapping machine or rubber ball) ope…
🏗️ Reverberation time T (T20 from the range 5–25 dB, T30 from the range 5–35 dB below the initial level, extrapolated to 60 dB) in octave or one-third-octave bands in ordinary rooms — interrupted noise method or integrated impulse response method, survey accuracy (2 source–microphone combinations), engineering (6) or precision (12), PN-EN ISO 3382-2
Measurement of reverberation time in ordinary rooms — dwellings, stairways, workshops, classrooms, offices, restaurants, sports halls, railw…
🏗️ Coefficient of permeability k of soil (ratio of discharge velocity to hydraulic gradient, Darcy’s law for laminar flow in saturated soil) on a cylindrical specimen in a rigid wall permeameter (cylindrical or oedometer ring) or a flexible wall permeameter (membrane in a triaxial cell), under constant or falling head or constant flow, with correction for water temperature, PN-EN ISO 17892-11
Laboratory determination of the coefficient of permeability of soil for geotechnical investigation (in accordance with EN 1997-1 and EN 1997…
🏗️ Calculation of longitudinal evenness indices of road and airfield pavements from a digitized longitudinal profile (wavelength range 0,5–50 m): International Roughness Index IRI — quarter-car simulation at 80 km/h after smoothing with a 250 mm moving average, in mm/m or m/km, recommended section 100 m (IRI100); root mean square RMS and longitudinal profile variance LPV in three wavelength bands; σWLP and ΔWLP from the weighted longitudinal profile, PN-EN 13036-5
The standard describes how to calculate evenness indices in the wavelength range from 0,5 m to 50 m from a digitized longitudinal pavement p…
🏗️ Determination of single-number quantities for impact sound insulation of floors and between rooms (Ln,w, L′n,w, L′nT,w), the spectrum adaptation term CI and the weighted reduction in impact sound pressure level by floor coverings (ΔLw, ΔLt,w) from measurements in one-third-octave bands (ISO 10140-3, ISO 16283-2) or octave bands (field only) — shifting the reference curve in 1 dB steps (0,1 dB for uncertainty) to the largest sum of unfavourable deviations not exceeding 32,0 dB or 10,0 dB, reading at 500 Hz, PN-EN ISO 717-2
Conversion of frequency-dependent impact sound pressure level results (laboratory according to ISO 10140-3 or field according to ISO 16283-2…
🏗️ Determination of the effective shear strength of soil under consolidated drained conditions — specimen in a rigid square or circular box (width or diameter at least 50 mm, height at least 20 mm or 6 largest particles, ratio at least 2,5) or in a Type A or B ring shear apparatus, consolidation under vertical stress and shearing at a constant rate slow enough for excess pore pressure to dissipate; usually at least three specimens at different stresses, PN-EN ISO 17892-10
Laboratory direct shear of undisturbed, remoulded, re-compacted or reconstituted soil: the specimen is consolidated under a set vertical str…
🏗️ Determination of the consistence of fresh concrete by measuring the spread on a flat plate subjected to jolting — flow table with a moving top of (700 ± 2) × (700 ± 2) mm and a mass of (16 ± 0,5) kg falling from a height of (40 ± 1) mm, hollow cone with diameters of 200 and 130 mm and a height of 200 mm, tamping bar 40 × 40 mm; the method is sensitive in the flow range 340–620 mm, not for self-compacting, foamed or no-fines concrete or Dmax above 63 mm, PN-EN 12350-5
The consistence of fresh concrete is assessed by measuring its spread on a flat plate subjected to jolting: the flow table has a moving meta…
🏗️ Identification of the petrographic type of natural aggregates and rocks in a simplified description — examination with the naked eye, a hand lens and a stereoscopic microscope (10–100×), optionally a polarizing microscope, a magnet and dilute hydrochloric acid; description of grain size, texture, porosity, colour, main minerals and weathering; for aggregates — shape, surface and roundness of particles 0,1–63 mm (fine ones below 4 mm under the stereomicroscope) and a name according to the predominant type or mineral (> 50 %) or “heterogeneous”; natural aggregates only, PN-EN 932-3
Simplified (not precise) petrographic description of natural aggregates and rocks, made by a petrographer: a rock sample (at least 5 kg) or …
🏗️ Laboratory determination of the bulk density of soil (mass of soil including water and gas per unit volume) by three methods: linear measurement of the dimensions of a regularly shaped specimen (rectangular prism or cylinder), immersion in fluid (mass in air and apparent mass in fluid) or fluid displacement (mass of displaced fluid); specimen at least 50 cm³, balance 0,01 g or 0,1 %, dimensions 0,1 mm or 0,1 %; dry density from water content according to ISO 17892-1, PN-EN ISO 17892-2
Bulk density of soil — mass of soil including water and gas per unit volume — determined in the laboratory by one of three methods: from the…
🏗️ Identification and description of soils for engineering purposes by visual and manual techniques in the field and in the laboratory — division into very coarse, coarse and fine soils, primary, secondary and tertiary fractions, particle size fractions according to Table 1 (large boulders > 630 mm, boulders, cobbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay ≤ 0,002 mm), fine soils identified by plasticity, organic, carbonate and volcanic soils, loess, glacial soils, anthropogenic soils, description of bedding and discontinuities, PN-EN ISO 14688-1
Rules for naming and describing soils for engineering purposes on the basis of visual assessment and simple hand tests: the soil is divided …
🏗️ Determination of the compressibility and consolidation characteristics of soils in an oedometer by incremental vertical loading — cylindrical specimen in a rigid ring (diameter ≥ 35 mm, height ≥ 12 mm, D/H ≥ 2,5), axial drainage through porous discs at top and bottom, load increments held to an accuracy of 1 % or 1 kPa (the mechanism should allow an increment to be applied within 2 s), settlement measured with a resolution of 0,01 % and an accuracy of 0,1 % of the height, vertical strain, void ratio, compression–stress diagram, PN-EN ISO 17892-5
Compressibility and consolidation of soil in an oedometer: a cylindrical specimen confined laterally by a rigid ring is loaded (and unloaded…
🏗️ Consolidated triaxial compression test on fully water-saturated soil specimens — cylindrical specimen (undisturbed, recompacted, remoulded or reconstituted) consolidated isotropically or anisotropically under drained conditions and then sheared undrained (CIU, CAU, with pore pressure measurement) or drained (CID, CAD); shear strength, stress–strain relationship, effective stress paths; strength parameters from at least three related tests, PN-EN ISO 17892-9
Consolidated triaxial compression of water-saturated soils: a cylindrical specimen in a rubber membrane is consolidated in the cell under is…
🏗️ Unconsolidated undrained (UU) triaxial compression test — cylindrical soil specimen (undisturbed, recompacted, remoulded or reconstituted) in a membrane subjected in the cell to isotropic stress without drainage and then sheared without drainage; undrained shear strength cu equal to half the deviator stress at failure (peak deviator stress or e.g. 15 % vertical strain), stress–strain relationship in terms of total stresses, PN-EN ISO 17892-8
UU triaxial compression: a cylindrical soil specimen in a rubber membrane is subjected in the cell to all-round pressure without drainage of…
🏗️ Determination of the density of compacted fresh concrete in the laboratory and in the field — the concrete is compacted in a rigid, watertight container of known volume and mass (internal vibrator, vibrating table, compacting rod or bar; self-compacting concrete without compaction) and weighed to the nearest 0,01 kg, PN-EN 12350-6
Density of fresh concrete: after compaction in a rigid, watertight container of known volume and mass, the concrete is weighed and the mass …
🏗️ Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens — three methods: A — ratio of the indirect tensile strength of saturated and water-conditioned specimens to that of dry specimens (ITSR, %), B — compressive strength ratio (i/C, %), C — bonding value of the mixture 1 h after mixing; at least 6 cylindrical specimens of the same age divided into two subsets, vacuum saturation at (6,7 ± 0,3) kPa, PN-EN 12697-12
Effect of water on a bituminous mixture: a set of cylindrical specimens is divided into two equal subsets — one is kept dry, the other is va…
🏗️ Reaction to fire test of building products excluding floorings (and products indicated in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/364) exposed to the thermal attack by a single burning item (SBI) — specimen of two perpendicular wings on a trolley, propane sandbox burner in the corner, test room (3,0 × 3,0 × 2,4) m, exhaust of 0,50–0,65 m³/s with measurement of temperature, pressure, O₂, CO₂ and light attenuation; results FIGRA0,2 MJ, FIGRA0,4 MJ, THR600s, SMOGRA, TSP600s, lateral flame spread LFS, PN-EN 13823
SBI test: a building product in the form of two perpendicular specimen wings (short and long) is exposed in the corner to the flame of a pro…
🏗️ Determination of compression behaviour of thermal insulating products for building applications — rectangular specimen in product thickness compressed between rigid plates at 0,1 d/min, preload (250 ± 10) Pa, compressive strength σm with deformation εm (failure or yield below 10 %), compressive stress at 10 % deformation σ10 and compressive modulus of elasticity E, conditioning at least 6 h at (23 ± 5) °C, PN-EN ISO 29469
ISO 29469 describes the compression test of thermal insulating products: a rectangular specimen in its original thickness is compressed betw…
🏗️ Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements — application rules for specific products: size and mounting of the element in the test opening, boundary conditions, conditioning and operating conditions (lightweight walls, doors, windows, glazing and other products of Annexes A–K), PN-EN ISO 10140-1
Part 1 of the PN-EN ISO 10140 series says HOW to prepare and mount a specific product in an acoustic laboratory before measuring its sound i…
🏗️ Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of building elements (walls, floors, doors, windows, façades, glazing, small technical elements) — sound reduction index R from levels in two rooms and the absorption of the receiving room, level difference Dn,e, one-third-octave bands 100–5 000 Hz, PN-EN ISO 10140-2
The building element is mounted in the opening of a wall between the source room and the receiving room of a laboratory (with suppressed fla…
🏗️ Calculation of the thermal transmittance of windows and pedestrian doors (UW, UD, UWS) — from the contributions of glazing (Ug), opaque panels (Up), frame (Uf) and the linear thermal transmittance of the frame/glazing or frame/panel junction (Ψg, Ψp), also with closed shutters or external blinds, PN-EN ISO 10077-1
A calculation method (not a hot-box measurement) for the thermal transmittance of a window UW, a door UD and a window with a closed shutter …
🏗️ Calculation of the thermal transmittance of window and door frame profiles (Uf), shutter boxes (Usb) and the linear thermal transmittance of the frame/glazing or frame/panel junction (Ψg, Ψp) — two-dimensional numerical method according to ISO 10211, radiosity method or single equivalent thermal conductivity of cavities, validation of the software, PN-EN ISO 10077-2
Uf of a frame profile, Usb of a roller shutter box and Ψ of the frame/glazing or frame/panel junction are calculated with a two-dimensional …
🏗️ Impact sound insulation of floors in buildings — field measurement with a standard tapping machine in the source room and microphones in the receiving room, in one-third-octave bands 100–3 150 Hz: normalized impact sound pressure level L′n and standardized impact sound pressure level L′nT, PN-EN ISO 140-7
Field measurement of floor impact sound: a standard tapping machine (five hammers of 500 g falling from 40 mm) operates in at least four pos…
🏗️ Testing of operating forces of hinged and sliding pedestrian doors — the smallest weight closing the leaf to the latched position (dynamic closing force), force and torque to release the latch, lock and unlock with a key or handle, the minimum force to commence and maintain motion of the leaf; average of three tests, PN-EN 12046-2
Operating forces of doors are the smallest forces and torques needed to operate a doorset: the dynamic closing force (the smallest weight on…
🏗️ Field measurement of airborne sound insulation of façade elements (e.g. windows) and façades — element method with loudspeaker (apparent sound reduction index R′45°, microphone on the element surface) or with road traffic noise (R′tr,s), and global method (level difference D2m with the microphone 2 m in front of the façade, standardized to a reverberation time of 0,5 s or normalized to an absorption area of 10 m²), PN-EN ISO 140-5 (withdrawn)
Façade insulation in a building is measured by two families of methods: the element method — loudspeaker at an angle of (45 ± 5)° at least 5…
🛣️ Determination of the compressive strength of specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures (bases, improved subgrade layers, cement-stabilized soils) — cylindrical or cubical specimens manufactured in the laboratory or taken as cores, compressed uniaxially without packing with a load increase giving failure within 30–120 s; Rc = F/Ac in N/mm², assessment of the type of failure, PN-EN 13286-41
A specimen of hydraulically bound mixture — cylindrical or cubical, manufactured in the laboratory according to PN-EN 13286-50 to -53 or tak…
🛣️ Determination of the Fraass breaking point of bitumen and bituminous binders — (410 ± 10) mg of binder is spread in an even layer on a spring steel plaque (41 × 20 × 0.15 mm), after 30–240 minutes the plaque is cooled in the apparatus at a rate of 1 °C/min and flexed at every degree by bringing the clamps 3.5 mm closer; the result is the temperature at which the first crack of the layer appears, PN-EN 12593
The Fraass breaking point tells at what temperature bitumen becomes so brittle that it cracks when bent. (410 ± 10) mg of binder is spread i…
⛏️ Determination of the particle density of filler by the pyknometer method — two samples of the 0/0.125 mm fraction dried at 110 °C (approx. 25 g each) in 50 ml pyknometers are covered with liquid, de-aerated for at least 30 min at a pressure below 3.0 kPa, topped up and thermostatted for 60 min in a 25 °C bath; density = mass of filler / (volume of the pyknometer − volume of liquid), mean of two determinations rounded to 0.01 Mg/m3, PN-EN 1097-7
The particle density of filler — the fine aggregate fraction that mostly passes the 0.063 mm sieve — is determined in a pyknometer. The 0/0.…
🛣️ Determination of the flow coefficient of aggregates — reference method (type testing, disputes): the time in seconds for a specified volume of aggregate to flow through a given opening in the standard apparatus; coarse aggregate 4–20 mm on a vibratory table (2970 rev/min, amplitude 0.18 mm) through a 40–60 mm opening into a channel sloping at 10°, fine aggregate up to 2 mm in a separate apparatus; result referenced to the CEREMA reference aggregate (coarse 6.3/10 mm — 100 s, fine 0.063/2 mm — 32 s); not for lightweight aggregates, PN-EN 933-6
The flow coefficient of an aggregate is the time in seconds for a specified volume of aggregate to flow through a given opening in the stand…
🛣️ Determination of the net and gross dry density of masonry units (except natural stone) — at least 6 specimens, drying to constant mass (loss up to 0.2 % in 24 h) at (105 ± 5) °C for clay, calcium silicate and autoclaved aerated concrete units or at (70 ± 5) °C for aggregate concrete and manufactured stone, or three representative portions of at least 100 g each; net volume by weighing in water (clay), sand filling (calcium silicate) or from dimensions minus recesses and voids (concrete), density in kg/m3 to 5 or 10 kg/m3, PN-EN 772-13
The dry density of a masonry unit is calculated as the mass after drying to constant mass divided by the volume — gross (from dimensions, ex…
🛣️ Determination of the dimensions of masonry units — length, width and height (procedures a–e depending on material, unit size and irregular surfaces), thickness of shells and webs (instrument jaw at least 10 mm), combined thickness of shells and webs, depth of holes and plane parallelism of bed faces; maximum instrument error 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm or 0.5 mm depending on the tolerance of the dimension (0.1 mm when the tolerance is unknown); at least 6 specimens (3 for combined thickness and plane parallelism), PN-EN 772-16
The dimensions of masonry units — clay, calcium silicate, aggregate concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone and natural st…
🛣️ Test procedures and measurement methods for handing over mechanically operated ventilation and air conditioning systems — in order: completeness check, functional check, functional measurements (air flow rate from velocity and cross-section — anemometer, Prandtl tube, throttling device; ductwork leakage; indoor air velocity; temperature; humidity; sound level; fan power; pressure drop across the filter), special measurements and report; permissible uncertainty: air flow rate ± 15 % per room and ± 10 % per system, supply air temperature ± 2 °C, velocity in the occupied zone ± 0.05 m/s, sound ± 3 dBA, PN-EN 12599
When mechanically operated ventilation and air conditioning systems are handed over, the following are carried out in order: completeness ch…
🛣️ Determination of flexural and compressive strength of moulded specimens of screed materials (cementitious, calcium sulphate, magnesite and synthetic resin) — three prisms 40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm according to EN 13892-1, tested at 28 days: three-point bending on rollers Ø 10 mm spaced 100 mm, load rate 50 ± 10 N/s, Rf = 1.5 · Ff · l / (b · d²); compression of six halves on 40 mm × 40 mm plates (at least 600 HV), load rate 2400 ± 200 N/s, Rc = Fc / 1600 mm2; results to 0.05 N/mm2, means to 0.1 N/mm2, PN-EN 13892-2
The strength of screed materials — cementitious, calcium sulphate, magnesite and synthetic resin screeds — is tested on 40 × 40 × 160 mm pri…
🛣️ Boiling test for “Sonnenbrand” basalt — a piece of basalt from a stockpile is sawn into two parts (sawn surface at least 0.005 m2), one is boiled for (36 ± 1) h in distilled water in a steel can with a water-cooled lid and the moistened surface is examined while drying (grey/white star-shaped spots, hairline cracks, larger cracks, disintegration); for basalt aggregate 4–32 mm (1000–4000 g) — loss in mass on a sieve of half the lower size after 36 h boiling and drying at 110 °C, and loss of strength (Los Angeles or impact according to EN 1097-2), PN-EN 1367-3
“Sonnenbrand” is the decay of some basalts under the influence of atmospheric conditions — it starts with grey/white star-shaped spots from …
🛣️ Determination of consistence of fresh mortar by flow table — the mortar (at least 1,5 l) is placed in two layers in a truncated conical mould (height 60 mm, internal diameter 100 mm at the bottom and 70 mm at the top) on the flow table disc, each layer is compacted by at least 10 strokes of a 0,250 kg tamper, after approximately 15 s the mould is raised and the mortar spread by 15 jolts (approximately one per second); flow value = mean of two perpendicular diameters in mm, two test samples, ±10 % rule, PN-EN 1015-3
The consistence of fresh mortar is a measure of its fluidity or wetness and deformability; before other properties are assessed, the mortar …
🛣️ Determination of the water absorption coefficient due to capillary action (aggregate concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured and natural stone units) and the initial rate of water absorption (clay units) — at least 6 specimens dried to constant mass at 70 °C or 105 °C, the test face immersed to a depth of (5 ± 1) mm for the time given in the product standard (1 min for clay), the increase in mass related to the face area and time or the square root of time, PN-EN 772-11
Masonry units dried to constant mass are placed with the test face in shallow water (immersion 5 mm) and weighed after a defined time; the i…
🏗️ Determination of the particle density of soil (density of solid particles ρs = dry mass of the particles / their volume) — fluid pycnometer method (difference in the volume of control liquid in the pycnometer with and without the specimen, temperature constant within ± 0,5 °C, removal of air by vacuum, heating or agitation; oven-dried specimen — method A — or moist specimen — method B) or gas pycnometer method (gas displacement, helium preferred), PN-EN ISO 17892-3
The particle density of soil is the dry mass of its solid particles divided by their volume. The standard gives two methods: the fluid pycno…
🛣️ Test of the resistance of complete windows and doors to wind load — the product, fixed as in use to the open side of a chamber, is subjected to positive and negative pressures: P1 (measurement of frontal deflection and relative frontal deflection of frame members), P2 = 0,5 P1 (50 cycles from −P2 to +P2) and P3 = 1,5 P1 (one safety test cycle), with air permeability measured according to EN 1026 before and after the cycles, PN-EN 12211
The window or door is mounted in a pressure chamber and loaded with a pressure difference like wind, positive and negative. At pressure P1 t…
🛣️ Test of the resistance of a complete window or pedestrian doorset to soft and heavy body impact — product mounted in a rigid subframe with the fixing system provided by the client, impact with the impactor according to EN 12600 mounted on a horizontal or vertical axis, assessment of the interaction of all components with regard to safety in use and retention of glazed parts, and classification, PN-EN 13049
A window or pedestrian door is mounted in a rigid frame and struck with the soft, heavy impactor from EN 12600 (the same one used for the pe…
🏗️ Field measurement of the airborne sound insulation of façade elements (element methods) and whole façades (global methods) using sound pressure measurements — eight methods of Table 1 (loudspeaker or road, railway, aircraft traffic noise), apparent sound reduction index R′45° and R′tr,s, level difference D2m standardized D2m,nT and normalized D2m,n, exposure quantities for single events, rooms 10–250 m³, bands 50–5000 Hz, PN-EN ISO 16283-3
Façade sound insulation is measured in the finished building in two ways: by an element method — e.g. a window — with a loudspeaker at 45° o…
🧱 Determination of the fineness of cement by three methods — sieving (residue on a woven wire sieve, e.g. 90 µm, from two 25 g portions, with sieve checking by reference material and factor F), air-jet sieving (sieves e.g. 63 and 90 µm) and Blaine air permeability (specific surface area from the time of flow of a fixed volume of air through a compacted cement bed, by comparison with a reference sample), for cements according to EN 197-1, PN-EN 196-6
How finely cement is ground is checked in three ways: by sieving it on a sieve (e.g. 90 µm) and weighing the residue, by air-jet sieving or …
🏗️ Determination of loss on ignition (wLOI) of fine, intermediate and coarse, composite and organic soils and anthropogenic materials (according to EN 16907-2) — a representative sample is dried at (110 ± 5) °C to constant mass, the fraction below 2 mm (with crushed oversize) is ignited in a crucible at (550 ± 25) °C for at least 2 h, and the loss is calculated from the mass difference; Annex B allows the organic matter content of clayey soils to be estimated from wLOI, PN-EN 17685-1
Loss of mass on ignition at 550 °C for soils and anthropogenic materials used in earthworks. The soil is dried at 110 °C, oversize above 2 m…
🔥 Determination of the heat release rate and dynamic smoke production rate of horizontally oriented product specimens under controlled irradiance from a conical heater (0–75 kW/m²) — heat from oxygen consumption (about 13,1 × 10³ kJ per kg of oxygen) measured with a paramagnetic analyser and the gas flow in the exhaust duct, smoke from the attenuation of a helium-neon laser beam (Bouguer’s law), time to ignition with spark ignition and mass loss from a load cell, ISO 5660-1
Cone calorimeter: a product specimen placed horizontally under a conical electric heater is exposed to a set irradiance (0–75 kW/m²) and ign…
🚗 Automotive
🚗 Technical Cleanliness of Components (VDA 19.1)
Technical cleanliness testing of automotive components via extraction of particulate contaminants with gravimetric and microscopic analysis.…
🚗 Technical Cleanliness (ISO 16232)
International standard for testing particulate cleanliness of road vehicle components. Equivalent to VDA 19.1 in the global market, covering…
🧂 Salt spray corrosion test
Accelerated corrosion test in salt spray chamber. Three methods: NSS (neutral), AASS (acetic acid), and CASS (with copper chloride). Assessm…
🎨 Coating adhesion (cross-cut test)
Paint coating adhesion test by cross-cut method. Classification on scale 0–5 based on degree of coating detachment from substrate.
📏 Paint coating thickness
Non-destructive measurement of paint and galvanic coating thickness by magnetic and eddy current methods. Quality control in serial producti…
📏 Surface roughness measurement (Ra, Rz)
Measurement of surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rq, Rp, Rv) by profile method using contact profilometer. Key quality parameter in auto…
🔧 Helium Leak Test
Detection and location of leaks in components and installations using helium leak detector (mass spectrometer). Most sensitive available lea…
🔌 Test methods for automotive cables (ISO 19642-2)
A collection of test methods for electrical cables in road vehicles — in accreditation scopes with this standard, among others, dimensions, …
🚗 Burning behaviour of vehicle interior materials — horizontal burning rate of a specimen after exposure to a flame for 15 s, in mm/min; PN-ISO 3795
Horizontal burning rate of materials from the occupant compartment of road vehicles and of tractors and machinery for agriculture and forest…
💧 Resistance of coatings to humidity — exposure in a climatic chamber with a heated water reservoir: constant (CH) or alternating (AHT, AT) condensation, 40 °C ± 3 °C, 24 h cycle, PN-EN ISO 6270-2
Conditioning of coated specimens (in the standard — paints and varnishes; in the laboratories' scopes also metallic and other coatings) in a…
⚡ Electronics and EMC
⚡ EMC testing — electromagnetic emission
Testing of conducted and radiated electromagnetic emission according to PN-EN 55032. Required for CE marking of multimedia equipment.
🛡️ EMC testing — immunity to interference
Comprehensive testing of electronic device immunity to electromagnetic interference: ESD discharges, burst and surge impulses, radiated fiel…
💦 IP protection degree (Ingress Protection)
Testing of enclosure protection degree against ingress of solid objects (dust) and water. IP classification (e.g., IP65, IP67, IP68) accordi…
⚡ Immunity to electrostatic discharge (ESD) — contact discharge up to 8 kV and air discharge up to 15 kV
Electrostatic discharges are applied to the equipment under test from a generator with a capacitance of 150 pF and a discharge resistance of…
⚡ Immunity to electrical fast transients/bursts — 5/50 ns pulses in 15 ms bursts every 300 ms
Bursts of pulses with a rise time of 5 ns and a duration of 50 ns, repeated at a frequency of 5 kHz or 100 kHz, are applied to the ports of …
⚡ Surge immunity — combination wave generator 1.2/50 µs and 8/20 µs, up to 4 kV
A hybrid generator delivers a 1.2/50 µs voltage surge in open circuit and an 8/20 µs current surge in short circuit. The test levels are 0.5…
⚡ Immunity to voltage dips, short interruptions and supply voltage variations — levels of 0 %, 40 % and 70 % of the rated voltage
Equipment supplied from the low-voltage network is subjected to dips to 0 %, 40 % and 70 % of the rated voltage, with a duration from half a…
⚡ Immunity to radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic fields — field amplitude-modulated 80 % with a 1 kHz signal
The equipment is placed in a radio-frequency electromagnetic field, amplitude-modulated to a depth of 80 % with a 1 kHz sinusoidal signal, a…
⚡ Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields — range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, levels 1 V, 3 V and 10 V
A disturbance signal with a frequency from 150 kHz to 80 MHz is injected into the conductors of the equipment under test through a coupling/…
⚡ Common tests of high-voltage switchgear — PN-EN 62271-1
Umbrella standard for the whole 62271 family: it brings together the common specifications for high-voltage alternating current switchgear a…
🚨 Immunity testing of alarm system equipment — PN-EN 50130-4
A product family standard: electromagnetic immunity requirements for equipment forming part of fire alarm, intruder alarm, hold-up alarm, CC…
💡 Voltage fluctuation and flicker testing — PN-EN 61000-3-3
The standard limits voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker caused by equipment connected unconditionally to the public low-voltag…
〰️ Test Fc — sinusoidal vibration — PN-EN 60068-2-6
Sinusoidal vibration testing (Test Fc): a standardised procedure for checking whether a component, equipment or other article withstands a S…
💧 Test Cab — damp heat, steady state — PN-EN IEC 60068-2-78
Steady-state damp heat testing (Test Cab): the effect of high humidity at a CONSTANT temperature and WITHOUT condensation on the specimen — …
📡 Measurement of radio-frequency disturbances of ISM equipment — PN-EN IEC 55011
An EMISSION standard for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) equipment operating in the range from 0 Hz to 400 GHz. The result does not…
🌡️ Test B — dry heat — PN-EN 60068-2-2
Steady-state dry heat tests for heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating products — determination of the ability of components, equipment a…
⚡ Medical electrical equipment — basic safety tests according to the general requirements: leakage currents, dielectric strength and insulation resistance, protective earth impedance, creepage distances and clearances, marking, stability and mechanical strength; PN-EN 60601-1
The general standard for medical electrical equipment (ME) and ME systems: requirements for basic safety and essential performance, generall…
⚡ Emission of radio disturbances (terminal voltage, disturbance power, radiated field, clicks) from household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus — PN-EN IEC 55014-1
An EMC product standard (CISPR 14-1): requirements for the emission of radio-frequency disturbances from 9 kHz to 400 GHz from household app…
⚡ Methods of measuring radiated disturbances (disturbance field strength) in the range 9 kHz – 18 GHz — basic EMC standard PN-EN 55016-2-3 (CISPR 16-2-3)
A basic EMC standard (CISPR 16-2-3): methods of measuring radiated disturbances in the range 9 kHz – 18 GHz; for measurement uncertainty it …
⚡ Methods of measuring conducted disturbances (continuous and discontinuous disturbance voltage at mains terminals and ports) in the range 9 kHz – 30 MHz — basic EMC standard PN-EN 55016-2-1 (CISPR 16-2-1)
A basic EMC standard (CISPR 16-2-1): methods of measuring disturbance phenomena in general in the range 9 kHz – 18 GHz, and in particular co…
〰️ Mechanical shock — test Ea: resistance of a product to non-repetitive or repetitive shocks of a standard pulse shape (half-sine, final-peak saw-tooth, trapezoidal), PN-EN 60068-2-27
Environmental test Ea: a product mounted on the table of a shock-testing machine or on a fixture is subjected to single or repeated shocks o…
⚡ Glow-wire flammability test method for end products (GWEPT) — limited ability to ignite and to propagate flame, choice of test specimen (complete product or part, no small parts), specified layer under the specimen, conditioning, PN-EN IEC 60695-2-11
Testing whether an end product (e.g. an electrotechnical product) touched by an electrically heated glowing wire — a simulation of an overhe…
⚡ Flammability of materials in electrotechnical products — 50 W test flame: method A (horizontal specimen, linear burning rate) and method B (vertical specimen, self-extinguishing, flaming drips), materials with an apparent density above 250 kg/m³, PN-EN 60695-11-10
Comparison of the burning behaviour of materials used in electrotechnical products on a small bar specimen exposed to a flame with a nominal…
🔨 Hammer tests (test Eh) — resistance of a product to impacts with energies from 0.14 J to 50 J: pendulum hammer (Eha), spring hammer (Ehb) and vertical hammer (Ehc), striking element, fall height, rigid mounting, PN-EN 60068-2-75
Checking whether a product — above all an electrotechnical one — withstands a specified number of impacts of a specified energy, from 0.14 J…
⚡ Radio disturbance of information technology equipment (ITE) of class A and B — disturbance voltage at mains terminals, common mode disturbance at telecommunication ports and radiated disturbance; standard withdrawn in 2015, PN-EN 55022
Measurement of radio disturbance generated by information technology equipment (ITE) and its limits for class A and class B: disturbance vol…
🔨 IK code — classification of the degrees of protection of enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK00–IK11, impact energy from 0.14 J to 50 J), hammer test conditions and evaluation of the enclosure, PN-EN 62262
Classification of how well the enclosure of electrical equipment with a rated voltage up to 72.5 kV protects its interior against impacts fr…
⚡ Immunity of electrical and electronic equipment to voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on the d.c. input power port — test levels, generator, test set-up and procedure, basic EMC publication, PN-EN 61000-4-29
A basic EMC standard with a test method checking whether equipment supplied from an external low-voltage d.c. network keeps working correctl…
⚡ Glow-wire in fire hazard testing — design of the apparatus (4 mm NiCr wire, application force 0.95 N, thermocouple, specified layer), temperature verification, common test procedure and observation times, common to the GWEPT, GWFI and GWIT tests, PN-EN IEC 60695-2-10
The common part of the glow-wire tests used to assess the fire hazard of electrotechnical products and solid materials: how to build and ver…
⚡ Electromagnetic immunity of household appliances, electric tools, toys and similar apparatus (product family standard CISPR 14-2) — set of tests according to the basic standards IEC 61000-4-x: electrostatic discharge, fast transients, injected currents, radio-frequency fields, surges, voltage dips; equipment categories and performance criteria, PN-EN IEC 55014-2
EMC product family standard (CISPR 14-2): electromagnetic immunity requirements in the range from 0 Hz to 400 GHz for household and similar …
💡 Luminaires — safety tests according to the general part: marking, construction and mechanical strength, wiring, earthing, protection against electric shock, IP code and humidity, insulation and touch current, creepage distances and clearances, endurance and thermal tests, resistance to heat, fire and tracking, terminals, PN-EN IEC 60598-1
General safety requirements and tests for luminaires incorporating electric light sources for supply voltages up to 1000 V, including semi-l…
⚡ Immunity of electrical and electronic equipment to impulse magnetic fields (lightning, faults, switching in substations) — field from an induction coil fed with an 8/20 µs current surge, test levels 100, 300 and 1000 A/m or level X, PN-EN 61000-4-9
Test of the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment to impulse magnetic fields such as those produced by lightning strikes on buildi…
⚡ Harmonic current emissions (equipment up to 16 A per phase) — PN-EN IEC 61000-3-2
Harmonic currents that electrical or electronic equipment with a rated input current of up to 16 A per phase injects into the public low-vol…
❄️ Test A: Cold — PN-EN 60068-2-1
The ability of components, equipment and other products to be used, transported and stored at low temperature — three variants of the test: …
🌡️ Test N: Change of temperature (Na, Nb, Nc) — PN-EN IEC 60068-2-14
The effect of changes of ambient temperature on components, equipment and other products — three tests: Na (rapid change of temperature in a…
💦 Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle) — PN-EN 60068-2-30
The suitability of components, equipment and other products for use, transport and storage under conditions of high humidity combined with c…
⚡ Power frequency (50/60 Hz) magnetic field immunity — PN-EN 61000-4-8
Immunity of electrical and electronic equipment under operating conditions to magnetic fields at 50 Hz and 60 Hz — continuous (levels 1–5: f…
⚡ Test Fh: broadband random vibration — resistance of products (components, electrical and electronic equipment, vehicle and military equipment) to vibration of a random nature from transportation and operation: digital control of the acceleration spectral density, vibration response investigation before and after, PN-EN 60068-2-64
Test Fh checks whether a product withstands dynamic loads from random vibration (transportation, aircraft, space and land vehicles) without …
⚡ Needle-flame test of electrotechnical products, their sub-assemblies and electrical insulating materials — burner made of a tube with a 0,5 mm bore fed with propane or butane (purity ≥ 95 %), flame 12 mm ± 1 mm, burner at 45°, flame application time 5–120 s, layer of wood and tissue 200 mm below the specimen, criterion: no ignition or duration of burning below 30 s without ignition of the layer, PN-EN 60695-11-5
Test simulating the effect of a small flame that may arise under fault conditions (e.g. with a fault current over a tracking path or a bad c…
⚡ Test Ec — resistance of products, primarily equipment-type, to rough handling shocks: dropping onto a face and onto an edge or corner from a height of 25, 50 or 100 mm (or an angle of 30°), toppling, free fall (procedure 1, heights from 25 to 1500 mm depending on mass) and repeated free fall in a tumbling barrel (procedure 2, 50–1000 falls from 500 or 1000 mm), PN-EN 60068-2-31
Test simulating the knocks, jolts and falls that an equipment-type product may receive during repair or rough handling in use: dropping onto…
⚡ Emission of radio disturbances (conducted and radiated) from lighting equipment, lighting parts of multifunction equipment, UV and IR equipment, advertising signs, decorative lighting and emergency signs — limits and methods of measurement in the range 9 kHz – 400 GHz, wired network ports, local wired ports and enclosure, measurement of disturbance voltage, with a current probe, in a CDNE, field strength, PN-EN IEC 55015 (CISPR 15)
EMC emission standard for electrical lighting and similar equipment: covers the emission of conducted and radiated radio disturbances from l…
⚡ Ball pressure test — softening and flow under load of plastics and parts of electrotechnical products at elevated temperature: a 5 mm steel ball pressed with a force of 20 N in a heating cabinet, measurement of the impression diameter with an optical instrument (magnification ≥ ×10, resolution 0,1 mm); method A — test of the end product at one temperature (≥ 125 °C for parts supporting live parts, ≥ 75 °C for other parts), method B — search for the highest temperature at which the requirement is met, PN-EN 60695-10-2
Assessment of the resistance of plastics and parts of end products to abnormal heat by the impression of a steel ball 5 mm ± 0,05 mm in diam…
⚡ Resistance of electrical and electronic components and equipment to a salt-laden atmosphere — test Kb: cycles of salt mist from a neutral or acidified sodium chloride solution (chamber according to ISO 9227, 35 °C ± 2 K), humid condition (chamber according to IEC 60068-2-78: 93 % ± 3 % RH at 40 °C ± 2 K or above 95 % RH at 50 °C ± 2 K), dry condition and standard atmosphere, in one of eight test methods, specimen usually not energized, PN-EN IEC 60068-2-52
Cyclic corrosion test for components and equipment intended to withstand a salt-laden atmosphere. The specimen is sprayed in a chamber with …
⚡ Resistance of a single vertical insulated electric wire or cable or optical fibre cable to vertical flame propagation — test piece (600 ± 25) mm in a metal screen enclosure, 1 kW pre-mixed burner at 45° at 475 mm from the upper support, flame application time 60, 120, 240 or 480 s according to diameter, measurement of the distances from the upper support to the upper and lower onset of charring to 1 mm, PN-EN 60332-1-2
Test of a single insulated wire or cable (also an optical fibre cable) mounted vertically in a metal screen enclosure: a 1 kW pre-mixed burn…
⚡ Determination of the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) of materials — the highest temperature at which a solid electrical insulating material or other solid material does not ignite or extinguishes within 30 s after removal of the wire, is not totally consumed and molten drips do not ignite the wrapping tissue; plaques at least 60 × 60 mm in preferred thicknesses 0,1–6,0 mm, conditioning for at least 48 h at 23 °C and 40–60 % RH, initial temperature from the series 550–960 °C, sets of three specimens, lowering usually by 50 °C, apparatus and general procedure according to IEC 60695-2-10, PN-EN IEC 60695-2-12
Glow-wire test of a material (not an end product) using the apparatus and general procedure of IEC 60695-2-10: plaques at least 60 × 60 mm i…
⚡ Determination of the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) of materials — the temperature 25 K (or 30 K) higher than the maximum test temperature at which a solid electrical insulating material or other solid material does not ignite or no single flame event lasts longer than 5 s and the specimen is not totally consumed; plaques at least 60 × 60 mm in preferred thicknesses 0,1–6,0 mm, conditioning for at least 48 h, initial temperature from the series 500–960 °C, sets of three specimens, lowering usually by 50 °C, apparatus and general procedure according to IEC 60695-2-10, PN-EN IEC 60695-2-13
Ignitability test of a material (not an end product) with a glowing wire using the apparatus and general procedure of IEC 60695-2-10: plaque…
⚡ Measurement of surface resistance and surface resistivity of materials for the manufacture of electrostatic dissipative protective clothing (or gloves) to avoid incendiary discharges — specimen on an insulating plate (≥ 10^14 Ω), concentric cylindrical and annular stainless steel electrodes, d.c. voltage (100 ± 5) V, ohmmeter reading after (15 ± 1) s, five specimens without seams, pre-treatment (e.g. 5 cleaning cycles according to EN 340), conditioning for at least 24 h and testing at (23 ± 1) °C and (25 ± 5) % RH, PN-EN 1149-1
Measurement for materials for electrostatic dissipative protective clothing and gloves (not for clothing protecting against mains voltage): …
⚡ Test Ka: assessment of the corrosion resistance of electrotechnical components, equipment and materials in salt mist — sodium chloride solution 50 g/l ± 5 g/l (water ≤ 20 µS/cm), pH of the collected solution 6,5–7,2, chamber at 35 °C ± 2 K, average collection rate 1,5 ml/h ± 0,5 ml/h per 80 cm² in at least two collecting devices, atomizing pressure 70–170 kPa, specimens at 20° ± 5° from the vertical, duration according to the product specification, PN-EN IEC 60068-2-11
Salt mist test (Ka) for electrotechnical products and materials: specimens are placed in a chamber in which an atomized 50 g/l sodium chlori…
⚡ Immunity testing of electrical and electronic equipment with a rated current up to 16 A per phase to harmonics, interharmonics and mains signalling (ripple control) at the a.c. power port — disturbances up to 2 kHz on 50 Hz mains and up to 2,4 kHz on 60 Hz mains, test levels as a percentage of the fundamental voltage while keeping the nominal r.m.s. value of the voltage, harmonics ≥ 3 % up to the 9th order at 0° and 180° phase shift, “flat curve” and “overswing” waveforms, basic EMC publication, PN-EN 61000-4-13
Immunity of equipment supplied from the low-voltage network (up to 16 A per phase) to voltage distortion by harmonics and interharmonics and…
⚡ Assessment of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker produced by equipment with rated current from 16 A to 75 A (and equipment within the scope of IEC 61000-3-3 not meeting its limits) in public low-voltage systems of 220–250 V, 50 Hz — measurement at a test impedance Ztest (dc drop 2–9 %, X/R 0,5–0,75), conversion to Zref, limits Pst ≤ 1,0, Plt ≤ 0,65, dc ≤ 3,3 %, dmax 4/6/7 %, Tmax ≤ 500 ms; determination of the maximum permissible system impedance Zmax or a test for a service capacity ≥ 100 A per phase, PN-EN IEC 61000-3-11
The standard for equipment that does not meet the flicker and voltage change limits of IEC 61000-3-3 at the reference impedance Zref — mainl…
⚡ Testing of harmonic current emissions of electrical and electronic equipment with rated input current above 16 A up to 75 A per phase connected to public low-voltage systems (limits of this edition for 230/400 V, 50 Hz) — reference current Iref (average r.m.s. current, manufacturer’s value within ±10 %), measurement of each harmonic in DFT windows with 1,5 s smoothing according to IEC 61000-4-7 and averaging over the observation period, each smoothed value up to 150 % of the limit, THC and PWHC disregarding harmonics below 1 % of Iref, limits depending on the short-circuit ratio Rsce; type test or validated simulation, PN-EN 61000-3-12
The standard limiting the harmonic currents that equipment with input current above 16 A up to 75 A per phase injects into the public low-vo…
⚡ Measurement of basic photometric data of lamps and luminaires for lighting applications and the CEN file format for electronic data exchange — spherical coordinate system centred on the photometric centre, B planes (angles B, β) and C planes (angles C, γ), data per 1 000 lm of lamp flux, rated voltage, mean ambient temperature (25 ± 1) °C measured within 1,5 m of the source, PN-EN 13032-1
Part 1 of the EN 13032 series gives the general principles for measuring basic photometric data of lamps and luminaires (luminous intensity …
⚡ Immunity test of electronic modules of road vehicles and of complete vehicles to electrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge (ESD) — ESD generator based on the human model (150 pF or 330 pF, 330 Ω or 2 000 Ω), contact discharges 2–15 kV and air discharges 2–25 kV of both polarities, direct and indirect discharges, powered-up and unpowered tests, ground plane, (25 ± 10) °C, humidity 20–60 %, ISO 10605
ISO 10605 describes electrostatic discharge tests for electronic modules of vehicles and for complete road vehicles — discharges during asse…
⚡ Measurement of insulation thickness of electric and optical fibre cables for the most common insulating compounds (cross-linked, PVC, PE, PP) — thin slice of insulation cut perpendicular to the conductor axis, measuring microscope or profile projector of at least 10× magnification or optical digital image analyser, reading 0,01 mm, six radial measurements, the first at the thinnest point, indented marking excluded from the mean, PN-EN 60811-201
Part 201 of the IEC 60811 series gives the method for measuring the insulation thickness of cables: a thin slice of insulation is cut from t…
⚡ Measurement of thickness of non-metallic sheaths of electric and optical fibre cables (separation sheaths and oversheaths) for the most common compounds (cross-linked, PVC, PE, PP) — slice under a measuring microscope or profile projector (at least 10×) or optical digital image analyser, ball-nose micrometer for sheaths over irregular surfaces, four measurements on peaks and troughs of a corrugated sheath, reading 0,01 mm, PN-EN 60811-202
Part 202 of the IEC 60811 series gives methods for measuring the thickness of non-metallic cable sheaths — separation sheaths and oversheath…
⚡ EMC immunity requirements for lighting equipment within the scope of IEC TC 34 — lamps, luminaires and end-user replaceable modules — assessment of luminous intensity and control functions under electrostatic discharge, radio-frequency field, electrical fast transients, surges, conducted disturbances, magnetic field and voltage dips; criteria A, B and C, luminous intensity deviation up to 15 %, modules in a representative host, PN-EN IEC 61547
IEC 61547 specifies EMC immunity requirements for lighting equipment — lamps, luminaires and end-user replaceable modules: which disturbance…
⚡ Determination of the resistance and resistivity of solid materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation, with a measured resistance from 10⁴ Ω to 10¹² Ω — surface resistance (disc and ring), volume resistance, resistance to ground or groundable point and point-to-point resistance, DC voltage 100 V or 10 V, electrodes of 2,5 kg mass with contact material of Shore A hardness 50–70, conditioning at (23 ± 2) °C and (12 ± 3) % RH for at least 24 h, PN-EN 61340-2-3
Part 2-3 of the IEC 61340 series describes how to measure the resistance and resistivity of solid materials that protect against electrostat…
⚡ Measurement of radio disturbance power emitted by equipment along a lead using absorbing clamps (ACMM method) in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz — clamp factor, clamp reference point CRP, ACTS test site, narrowband and broadband, continuous and discontinuous disturbances, peak, quasi-peak, average and rms-average detectors, ambient noise preferably 20 dB and at least 6 dB below the measurement level, PN-EN 55016-2-2
CISPR 16-2-2 describes the measurement of radio disturbance power using absorbing clamps placed on a lead of the equipment under test (power…
⚡ Electromagnetic immunity of multimedia equipment (information technology, audio, video, broadcast receivers, entertainment lighting control) with a supply voltage up to 600 V — electrostatic discharge, RF field, fast transients, surges, conducted disturbances, voltage dips, PN-EN 55035
The product standard for electromagnetic immunity of multimedia equipment with an AC or DC supply voltage up to 600 V: it specifies which im…
⚡ Verification of the degree of protection (IP code) of enclosures of electrical equipment of road vehicles — protection against foreign objects and dust (up to 5K and 6K), access to hazardous parts and water (from dripping to 9K — high-pressure and steam-jet cleaning), ISO 20653
IP code for enclosures of electrical equipment of road vehicles: the first digit — protection against foreign objects (probes 50; 12,5; 2,5;…
⚡ Testing of luminaires for emergency lighting (self-contained and centrally supplied) — marking, construction, changeover to emergency supply, high-temperature operation, battery charging, EDLC capacitors, luminous flux and luminous intensity distribution, PN-EN IEC 60598-2-22
The particular part of the luminaire standard for emergency luminaires (emergency supply voltage up to 1 000 V), used together with PN-EN IE…
⚡ Testing of empty enclosures for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies (up to 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC) before installation of equipment — durability of marking, static loads, lifting, axial load of threaded inserts, IP degree of protection and IK impact resistance, continuity of the protective circuit, insulation, resistance to heat and fire, PN-EN IEC 62208
The standard for empty enclosures (cabinets, boxes, desks) as supplied by the enclosure manufacturer, before the assembly manufacturer insta…
⚡ Safety testing of household and similar electrical appliances according to the general part of the IEC 60335 series — durability of marking, protection against access to live parts, starting, power input and current, heating, leakage current and electric strength, moisture resistance, mechanical strength, earthing; used together with the relevant part 2, PN-EN IEC 60335-1
Part 1 of the IEC 60335 series contains the general requirements and test conditions for the electrical safety of household and similar appl…
⚡ Measurement of the vertical resistance RV of protective clothing materials — specimen between a disc electrode with guard ring (as electrode type A of EN 1149-1) and a metal base plate, DC voltage (100 ± 5) V, reading with ohmmeter or electrometer after (15 ± 1) s; five specimens after conditioning at 23 °C and 25 % humidity, result — arithmetic mean in ohms, PN-EN 1149-2
The vertical resistance RV is the resistance through the thickness of a protective clothing material, measured between a disc electrode (dia…
💊 Pharma and Cosmetics
💊 Microbiological purity of cosmetics
Testing microbiological purity of cosmetic products according to ISO 17516. Determination of total microbial count and detection of pathogen…
🧴 Challenge test — preservative protection assessment
Cosmetic preservative efficacy test (challenge test / PET). Product inoculation with test strains and monitoring microbial reduction over 28…
💊 Uniformity of dosage units
Determination of uniformity of active substance content in individual dosage units (tablets, capsules). Release test according to European P…
💊 Bacterial endotoxins test (LAL)
Detection and quantitative determination of bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides LPS) in pharmaceutical products using LAL method (Limu…
💊 Residual solvents — GC
Determination of residual solvents (methanol, acetone, dichloromethane, toluene, etc.) in active substances and finished drugs by gas chroma…
💊 Drug Dissolution Test
Testing of active substance release from tablets and capsules under in vitro conditions using USP apparatus (basket, paddle, flow-through ce…
📏 Metrology
📏 Velocity and volumetric flow rate of gases in ducts — Pitot tube (manual reference method)
Periodic determination of the axial velocity and the volumetric flow rate of gas in ducts and stacks from point measurements (Pitot tube or …
📏 Quality assurance of AMS — QAL2 calibration, QAL3 control and the annual AST test
The quality assurance procedures for automated measuring systems for emissions: QAL2 — determination of the calibration function and of the …
📏 Sound level meters — specifications and accuracy classes, PN-EN 61672-1
The standard specifies electroacoustic requirements for three kinds of sound measuring instrument: the conventional meter, that is the time-…
🔩 Materials and NDT
🔩 Moisture in the analysis sample of solid recovered fuels (SRF) — oven dry method at 105 °C
Drying of at least 1 g of the general analysis sample (≤ 1 mm) in a dish with a lid in a drying oven at (105 ± 2) °C in an atmosphere of air…
🔩 Vickers hardness of metals and coatings — pyramidal indenter, measurement of the indentation diagonals
A diamond indenter in the form of a right pyramid with a square base (angle between opposite faces 136°) is forced into the surface of the t…
🔩 Rockwell hardness of metals — measurement of the permanent increase in indentation depth (scales A, B, C and superficial)
The indenter (diamond cone 120° with a tip radius of 0.2 mm, or a hardmetal ball of 1.5875 mm or 3.175 mm) is forced in in two stages: with …
🔩 Absorbed energy of metals — Charpy impact test (V-notch and U-notch test pieces, pendulum impact tester)
A test piece 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm with a V-notch (45°, depth 2 mm, root radius 0.25 mm) or a U-notch is broken with a single blow of the pe…
🔩 Hardness of arc welded joints — rows of indentations and individual Vickers indentations on the transverse cross-section
On an etched transverse cross-section of the joint, rows of indentations (R) or individual indentations (E) are made by the Vickers method, …
🔩 Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds — transverse cross-section, etching, visual and microscopic assessment
The prepared (usually transverse) cross-section of the joint is assessed with the naked eye or at a magnification below ×50 (macroscopic exa…
🔩 Bend test of welded joints — face bend, root bend and side bend
A test specimen cut from the joint is plastically deformed by bending without reversing the direction, so that one of the surfaces or cross-…
🔩 Visual testing (VT) of welded joints — direct and remote inspection with illumination of min. 350 lx
Inspection of the welded joint with a white-light illuminance of at least 350 lx (500 lx recommended), with the eye at a distance of up to 6…
🔩 Magnetic particle testing (MT) of welds — magnetization in two perpendicular directions, tangential field 2–6 kA/m
The magnetized weld and heat-affected zone are covered with a detection medium; the leakage field above a discontinuity collects ferromagnet…
🔩 Radiographic testing (RT) of welded joints with film — test technique classes A and B, image quality indicators
The joint is irradiated with X- or gamma rays and the image is recorded on radiographic film. The standard divides the techniques into class…
🔩 Radiography of metallic products — basic rules of the film technique (castings, forgings, rolled products)
Basic rules of industrial radiography with the film technique for metallic products and materials — not only welds. The techniques are divid…
🔩 Ultrasonic testing (UT) of welded joints — angle-beam probes 2–5 MHz, four testing levels
Manual ultrasonic testing of welded joints with a thickness from 8 mm in low-attenuation materials, at an object temperature from 0 °C to 60…
🔩 Ultrasonic thickness determination — four modes of measuring the pulse transit time
Thickness is determined from the transit time of a short ultrasonic pulse through the wall, by multiplying the known sound velocity by the t…
🔩 Tensile properties of plastics — tensile modulus determined between 0.05 % and 0.25 % strain
The test specimen is extended along its longitudinal axis at a constant test speed until it breaks or until a specified value of stress or e…
🔩 Melt flow rate MFR and MVR of thermoplastics — extrusion plastometer
The molten plastic is extruded from the plastometer barrel through a die under a specified load and at a specified temperature. Method A wei…
🔩 Specular gloss of paint coatings — measurement with a glossmeter at 20°, 60° and 85°
The glossmeter measures the light reflected specularly from the coating and relates it to a standard of polished black glass with a refracti…
🔩 Adhesion of coatings by the pull-off test — three methods, stress increasing at up to 1 MPa/s
A dolly is glued to the coating and, after the adhesive has cured, the assembly is subjected to controlled tension perpendicular to the subs…
🔩 Ultrasonic testing of steel plates and flat products from 6 mm — the echo method according to EN 10160
A product standard: the testing of plates of non-alloy and alloy steel 6–200 mm thick for internal discontinuities, chiefly laminations. It …
🔬 Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — PN-EN ISO 9712
The standard sets requirements for the qualification and certification of persons performing industrial non-destructive testing — separately…
🔬 Weldable reinforcing steel — general, PN-EN 10080
The standard sets general requirements and definitions for the performance of weldable ribbed steel for the reinforcement of reinforced conc…
👁️ Direct and remote visual testing — general principles — PN-EN 13018
The standard gives the general principles of visual testing — direct and remote — in assessing the conformity of a product with established …
🧸 Testing of mechanical and physical properties of toys (PN-EN 71-1)
Requirements and test methods for the mechanical and physical properties of toys for children under 14 years — in accreditation scopes, amon…
🔩 Grain size in steels — micrographic determination of the apparent ferritic and austenitic grain size by the comparison method (charts), the planimetric method and the intercept method, index G; PN-EN ISO 643:2025-02
The ferritic or austenitic grain size of steel is determined on a metallographic section: the grain boundaries are revealed (e.g. by etching…
🔩 Fracture test of welded joints — breaking the joint through the weld (bending or tension) and assessment of gas pores, cracks, lack of fusion, lack of penetration and inclusions on the fracture surface, joints from 2 mm thick; PN-EN ISO 9017:2018-03
The welded joint is broken through the weld — by bending or tension, statically or dynamically, usually after notching — and the fracture su…
🔩 Flexural properties of rigid and semi-rigid plastics — three-point bending of a freely supported beam, method A (1 %/min) and B, flexural strength and flexural modulus; PN-EN ISO 178:2019-06
A rectangular plastic specimen supported on two supports is deflected at midspan by a loading edge at a constant speed until it breaks or un…
🔩 Magnetic particle testing of castings of ferromagnetic cast iron and cast steel — SM, LM and AM indications, severity levels assessed in a frame of 105 mm × 148 mm; PN-EN 1369:2013-04 (EN 1369:2012)
Magnetic particle testing of castings of ferromagnetic cast iron and cast steel according to a European foundry standard which supplements t…
🔩 Tensile properties of rubber — tensile strength, elongation at break, stress at a given elongation; dumbbells of types 1, 1A, 2, 3, 4 and rings A, B; PN-ISO 37:2007 (ISO 37:2005), current ISO 37:2024
A method for determining the tensile stress-strain properties of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubber: the test piece — a dumbbell or a ring …
🔩 Shore hardness of plastics and ebonite — durometer type A (softer materials) and type D (harder), reading after 15 s or instantaneous, mean of five measurements; PN-EN ISO 868:2005 (ISO 868:2003)
An empirical control method: the indenter of a type A durometer (softer materials) or a type D durometer (harder) is pressed by a spring int…
🔩 Depth of decarburization of steel — metallographic method (worst field or mean of four measurements), Vickers or Knoop microhardness profile, carbon content methods; PN-EN ISO 3887:2024-04 (ISO 3887:2023)
The standard defines decarburization of steel — a decrease of the carbon content in the surface zone — and gives three ways of measuring its…
🔩 Thickness of non-magnetic coatings on a magnetic substrate (paints, varnishes, electroplated and zinc coatings, enamels, plastics) — magnetic method, tactile and non-destructive measurement; PN-EN ISO 2178:2016-06 (ISO 2178:2016)
Non-destructive, tactile measurement of the thickness of non-magnetizable coatings — paints and varnishes, electroplated coatings, enamels, …
🔩 Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in welded joints — round specimen of weld metal only, d0 = 10 mm (not less than 4 mm), according to ISO 6892-1; PN-EN ISO 5178
The mechanical properties of the weld metal (yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, reduction of area) in a welded joint are determin…
🔩 Ferrite Number FN (delta ferrite content) in weld metal of austenitic and duplex Cr-Ni stainless steels — detachment force of a standard magnet, calibration with copper coating thickness standards; PN-EN ISO 8249
The delta ferrite content in weld metal of austenitic and duplex ferritic-austenitic steels is expressed as the Ferrite Number FN — a conven…
🔩 Leak testing by the bubble emission method — detection and location of leaks by the immersion technique or by applying a liquid to an object under a pressure difference; PN-EN 1593
Leaks are detected and located by creating a pressure difference across the wall of the object and observing the formation of bubbles in a l…
🧵 Formaldehyde extracted from melamine-formaldehyde articles intended for contact with food — extraction with water, 3 % acetic acid and 10 % ethanol, spectrophotometric determination (procedure A with chromotropic acid, B with acetylacetone); PN-EN ISO 4614
Formaldehyde released into food from tableware and other articles made of melamine-formaldehyde moulding materials is determined by pouring …
🔩 Tension test of metals at room temperature (10–38 °C) according to ASTM — yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation and reduction of area; gauge length 4D (E8) or 5D (E8M); ASTM E8/E8M
American standard for the tension testing of metals in any form at room temperature — 10–38 °C — with the determination of yield strength, y…
🔬 Average grain size according to ASTM — comparison procedure with standard charts, planimetric (Jeffries) and intercept (Heyn, circles), result as the grain size number G; ASTM E112
The average grain size of single-phase metals (and structures of similar appearance) is determined on a plane section by three procedures: c…
🔩 Surface and near-surface discontinuities of forgings made of ferromagnetic materials — magnetic particle inspection, techniques and acceptance criteria, PN-EN 10228-1
Techniques and acceptance criteria for magnetic particle inspection of forgings made of ferromagnetic materials — for detecting surface disc…
🔩 Internal discontinuities of welded joints 6 mm thick and above — ultrasonic testing by the time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD), testing levels A–D, PN-EN ISO 10863
Use of the time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD) for semi- or fully automated testing of welded joints of metallic materials 6 mm thic…
🔩 Tensile properties of plastic films and sheets less than 1 mm thick — type 2 strip or type 5, 1B and 4 dumb-bells, thickness measured according to ISO 4593 or ISO 4591, PN-EN ISO 527-3
Test conditions for the tensile testing of plastic films and sheets thinner than 1 mm, used together with the general principles of PN-EN IS…
🔩 Tensile properties of moulding and extrusion plastics — type 1A and 1B dumb-bells, modulus at 1 mm/min, 75 mm extensometer, PN-EN ISO 527-2
Test conditions for the tensile testing of rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastic and thermosetting moulding, extrusion and cast materials (also…
🔩 Radiographic testing of welded joints in metals with digital detectors — computed radiography (CR) and digital detector arrays (DDA), technique classes A and B, compensation principles, PN-EN ISO 17636-2
Digital radiography of welded joints in metals (plates and pipes, including pipelines, boiler drums and pressure vessels) with X- or gamma r…
🔩 Tensile testing of metals at elevated temperature (above 35 °C) — Re, Rp, Rm, A, Z; permitted temperature deviations, ways of establishing the extensometer gauge length and testing rate by Method A or B, PN-EN ISO 6892-2
Static tensile test of metals at a temperature higher than room temperature (above 35 °C): the test piece is heated in a furnace to the spec…
🔩 Penetrant testing of steel forgings — detection of discontinuities open to the surface, written procedure, surface condition for quality classes, viewing conditions and classification of indications, PN-EN 10228-2
Non-destructive testing of steel forgings by the penetrant method: the penetrant enters discontinuities open to the surface and the develope…
🔩 Degree of blistering of paint and other coatings — comparison with pictorial standards of blisters of sizes 2–5 and quantities (densities) 2–5, assessment in good lighting according to ISO 13076, designation in the form e.g. "2(S2)" together with the size of the area evaluated, PN-EN ISO 4628-2
Assessment of the degree of blistering of a coating — the quantity (density) and size of blisters — by comparison with pictorial standards i…
🔩 Penetrant testing at temperatures lower than +10 °C — water, frost and ice on the surface, penetration time twice as long, removal of excess penetrant with solvent instead of water, solvent-based developer from an aerosol kept at not less than 10 °C, PN-EN ISO 3452-6
Specific requirements for penetrant testing at temperatures lower than +10 °C and the way of qualifying materials for such testing; otherwis…
🔩 Ultrasonic testing of steel castings with ferritic structure for general purposes — detection and evaluation of internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique in walls up to 600 mm, according to severity levels agreed for the rim zone and the core zone, PN-EN 12680-1
Ultrasonic testing of steel castings with ferritic structure for general purposes, with wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm: interna…
🔩 Degree of rusting of surfaces coated with paints and varnishes and of duplex systems (metallic plus organic coating) — comparison with pictorial standards Ri 0–Ri 5, in the 2024 edition also white rust (WRi) and percentage of corroded area, PN-EN ISO 4628-3
Assessment of the degree of rusting of paint coatings (and — from the 2024 edition — duplex systems: metallic plus organic coating) by compa…
🧵 Maximum force and elongation at maximum force of fabrics (if required also force and elongation at rupture) — 50 mm wide strip extended on a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) machine, conditioned and wet specimens, PN-EN ISO 13934-1
Determination of the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of textile fabrics, mainly woven fabrics (including stretch fabrics), by …
🔩 Transverse tensile test of welded joints — PN-EN ISO 4136
The tensile strength and the location of fracture of a butt-welded joint, tested on a specimen cut transversely to the weld so that the weld…
🔩 Impact tests on welded joints — specimen location and notch orientation (designations VWT, VHT, VWS, VHS) — PN-EN ISO 9016
A system for designating WHERE in a welded joint the specimen for the Charpy impact test was taken and how the notch was oriented — in the w…
🔩 Ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings — PN-EN 10228-3
Manual pulse-echo ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings — of four types (1–3 simple, 4 complex), in four quality cla…
🔩 Automated testing of welds with phased array probes (PAUT) — PN-EN ISO 13588
Semi- and fully automated ultrasonic testing of full-penetration welded joints with phased array probes: plates, pipes and vessels with a th…
🔩 Liquid penetrant testing of sand, gravity die and low-pressure die castings — classification of non-linear isolated (SP) and clustered (CP), linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications, severity levels from Tables 1 and 2 (e.g. SP 2, LP 5), assessment in a 105 mm × 148 mm frame (A6 format) at the most unfavourable location, observation by eye or at up to 3× magnification, PN-EN 1371-1
Liquid penetrant testing method for castings produced in conventional sand moulds, gravity die and low-pressure die casting — except investm…
🔩 Assessment of the degree of flaking of paint coatings by comparison with pictorial standards — quantity of flaking on a 0–5 scale as the proportion of flaked area (from 0,1 % to 15 %), size on a 0–5 scale by the largest dimension of the exposed areas (up to 1 mm … larger than 30 mm) and depth: coat flaking from coat (a) or the whole system from the substrate (b), notation e.g. 3(S2)b, PN-EN ISO 4628-5
Assessment of the degree of flaking of coatings by comparison with pictorial standards (Figure 1 — flaking without preferential direction, F…
🔩 Assessment of the degree of cracking of paint coatings by comparison with pictorial standards — quantity of cracks on a 0–5 scale (from none to a dense pattern), size on a 0–5 scale (from not visible under ×10 magnification to a width above 1 mm), depth: a — surface cracks of the top coat, b — through the top coat, c — through the whole system, notation e.g. 2(S3)b, PN-EN ISO 4628-4
Assessment of the degree of cracking of coatings by comparison with pictorial standards (Figure 1 — cracking without preferential direction,…
🔩 Classification of the graphite microstructure in cast irons by comparative visual analysis under the microscope — graphite form designated by Roman numerals I–VI, distribution by letters A–E (grey cast iron only, form I), size by numbers 1–8 (size 1: ≥ 1 mm, 2: 0,5 to < 1 mm, 3: 0,25 to < 0,5 mm, 4: 0,12 to < 0,25 mm at ×100 magnification), reference images in a 120 mm circle, PN-EN ISO 945-1
Classification of graphite in cast irons by comparing the microscopic image with reference images: graphite form (I–VI, Figure 1 and Annex A…
🔩 Resistance of single-coat and multi-coat paint coatings to liquids other than water and paste-like products — immersion of coated panels (approx. 150 × 100 mm) or steel rods: method A — single-phase liquid, immersion to half depth, optionally at elevated temperature up to 40 °C ± 3 °C; method B — two mutually saturated liquids, each covering 40 % of the specimen height; assessment of blistering according to ISO 4628-2 and other changes according to ISO 4628-1, again after 24 h, PN-EN ISO 2812-1
General methods for determining the resistance of paint coatings (single-coat and multi-coat) to the action of liquids other than water or p…
🔩 Accelerated weathering of plastics under filtered xenon-arc lamps in the presence of moisture — method A (daylight filters, Table 1) and method B (window glass filters, Table 2), irradiance uniformity ≥ 80 %, black-standard or black-panel thermometer, water spray with conductivity < 5 µS/cm, measurement of UV radiant exposure in the specimen plane; since amendment A1:2021 — daylight filters of type I and type II, PN-EN ISO 4892-2
Methods for exposing plastic specimens to filtered xenon-arc light in the presence of moisture to reproduce the weathering effects of daylig…
🧵 Ignitability of upholstery material combinations (cover fabric, interliner, filling) by a smouldering cigarette — assembly on a steel test rig of two frames 450 × 300 mm and 450 × 150 mm set at right angles (seat–back junction), criteria of progressive smouldering (five cases, including smouldering after one hour) and flaming ignition (any flame), PN-EN 1021-1
Assessment of the ignitability of material combinations used in upholstered seating (cover fabric, interliner up to 2 mm, filling) with a sm…
🧵 Ignitability of upholstery material combinations by a small gas flame equivalent to a match flame — assembly on the same rig as in Part 1 (frames 450 × 300 and 450 × 150 mm at right angles), criteria of progressive smouldering and flaming ignition: escalating combustion, consumption, flame reaching the lower margin, side or through the full thickness, flaming for more than 120 s after removal of the burner, PN-EN 1021-2
Assessment of the ignitability of material combinations of upholstered seating (covers and fillings) by a small gas flame corresponding to a…
🔩 Accelerated ageing of coatings under fluorescent UV lamps, heat and moisture — type 1A (UVA-340, peak 343 nm) to simulate UV daylight (method A), type 1B (UVA-351, peak 353 nm) for daylight through window glass (method B), type 2 (UVB-313) only by agreement, spectral distribution requirements (Tables 1 and 2), wetting by condensation or spray, radiant exposure H = ∫E dt, PN-EN ISO 16474-3
Methods for exposing coatings to fluorescent UV lamps, heat and water to reproduce the weathering effects of daylight or daylight through wi…
🔩 Density of paints, varnishes and similar products of low or medium viscosity by the pyknometer method — metal pyknometer (50 or 100 cm³) or glass Gay-Lussac pyknometer (10–100 cm³), reference temperature 23,0 °C ± 0,5 °C, de-aeration of the sample before determination (since 2023), ρ = (m2 − m1)/Vt without air buoyancy correction, precision r = 0,005 and R = 0,007 g/cm³ for coating materials, PN-EN ISO 2811-1
Determination of the density of paints, varnishes and similar products of low or medium viscosity: a metal pyknometer (50 or 100 cm³) or a g…
🔩 Assessment of the degree of delamination and corrosion around a scribe or other artificial defect (e.g. circular) on a coated panel after exposure to a corrosive environment (salt spray, immersion in seawater, natural environment) — removal of loose coating with a knife, width measured with a ruler to 0,5 mm at at least six points, d = (d1 − w)/2 and c = (wc − w)/2, area formulae for non-uniform damage, at least three panels, PN-EN ISO 4628-8
Assessment of delamination (loss of adhesion) and corrosion of the substrate around a scribe or other artificial defect in a coating after e…
🔩 Resistance of a dry paint or varnish coating to cracking or peeling from the substrate under rapid deformation by a falling weight with a spherical indenter of diameter 20 mm ± 0,3 mm (mass 1000 g ± 10 g or 2000 g ± 20 g) on a ring die of 27 mm ± 0,3 mm — pass/fail test from a single height or classification test with progressively increasing height or mass, examination with a ×10 magnifier, panels ≥ 0,25 mm, PN-EN ISO 6272-1
Assessment of the resistance of a dry coating to cracking or peeling from the substrate under rapid deformation: on a coated panel (usually …
🔩 Visual assessment of degradation of a paint or varnish coating — quantity of defects (ratings 0–5), size of defects (S0–S5: from not visible under ×10 magnification to larger than 5 mm) and intensity of uniform changes in appearance, e.g. yellowing (0–5), with the proportion of the area as a percentage; expressed e.g. as “blistering 2(S2)”, assessment under lighting according to ISO 13076, PN-EN ISO 4628-1
A common system for assessing the degradation of paint coatings on which all parts of ISO 4628 are based (blistering, rusting, cracking, fla…
🧵 Tear force of a textile fabric, mainly woven fabric — the force required to propagate a previously started single tear in a trouser-shaped test specimen (strip 200 mm × 50 mm with a 100 mm cut), pulled in a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) machine at 100 mm/min with a gauge length of 100 mm, in the warp and weft directions, determined from force peaks, PN-EN ISO 13937-2
Measurement of the tear force of fabrics by the “trouser” method: a rectangular 200 mm × 50 mm specimen is cut from the centre of the shorte…
🔩 Detection, location, sizing and characterization of discontinuities in full-penetration butt-welded joints of thin-walled components of low-alloy or fine-grained steel (wall thickness 3,2–8,0 mm, e.g. boiler tubes) by semi- or fully automated ultrasonic phased array technology (E-scan, S-scan, raster, skewed scan), testing level C (standard situations) or D (special applications), assessment by height and length, amplitude and length or go/no-go, PN-EN ISO 20601
Ultrasonic testing of welds in thin-walled steel components — above all boiler tubes with a wall of 3,2–8,0 mm — with a phased array probe m…
🔩 Detection of laminar imperfections (imperfections in the wall, approximately parallel to the tube surface) in seamless and welded steel tubes (except submerged arc-welded SAW tubes) — automated ultrasonic pulse-echo testing with the beam normal to the surface, frequency 2–10 MHz, transducers (or phased array apertures) preferably up to 25 mm, over the full periphery, in the area adjacent to the weld or at the tube ends; suspect tubes are sized manually according to Annex A, PN-EN ISO 10893-8
Automated ultrasonic testing of steel tubes for laminar imperfections — imperfections lying in the wall roughly parallel to the surface. The…
🔩 Magnetic particle inspection of seamless and welded ferromagnetic steel tubes — detection of longitudinal and transverse surface imperfections on all or part of the outside surface (by agreement also the inside near the ends) and laminar imperfections on the end faces and bevels; a.c. or d.c. magnetization, detection medium applied during magnetization, illumination of at least 500 lx or fluorescent particles under UV-A, check of the magnetization level at intervals of at most 4 h, PN-EN ISO 10893-5
Magnetic particle inspection of finished ferromagnetic steel tubes (seamless and welded) after completion of all production operations: tube…
🔩 Manual pulse-echo ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings (four types of forgings, excluding closed die forgings and turbine rotor and generator forgings) — written procedure, A-scan instrument, probes 0,5–6 MHz (normal-beam with transducer diameter 10–40 mm, angle-beam 35–70°, dual-element for the near-surface zone), reference blocks with at least three reflectors for DAC, testing after final heat treatment, surface roughness depending on the quality class, PN-EN 10228-4
Manual pulse-echo ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings (four types by shape; not for closed die…
🧵 Determination of specimen breakdown (end point of the test) in abrasion of textile fabrics, including nonwovens, on the Martindale tester — circular specimen of at least 38 mm diameter in a holder with foam (without foam from 500 g/m²), Lissajous movement against a standard abrasive fabric, load (795 ± 7) g for workwear, upholstery, bed linen and technical fabrics or (595 ± 7) g for apparel and household textiles, inspection at fixed intervals with a lens and a 2,5 mm template until thread breakage or wear of the pile, at least three specimens, PN-EN ISO 12947-2
Abrasion of a circular specimen (diameter at least 38 mm) against a standard abrasive fabric on the Martindale tester: the specimen holder m…
🧵 Determination of the resistance of textile fabrics to pilling, fuzzing and matting by the modified Martindale method — a circular specimen rubs against the same fabric (or a wool abrasive fabric) along a Lissajous figure, free to rotate; pilling cycle = 16 rubs (16 revolutions of the outer drives, 15 of the inner), drive eccentricity (12 ± 0,25) mm, plate stroke (24 ± 0,5) mm, holder (155 ± 1) g or with loading piece (415 ± 2) g; visual assessment after defined stages according to ISO 12945-4, PN-EN ISO 12945-2
A circular specimen of a textile fabric rubs under a defined force against a surface of the same fabric (or, where relevant, a wool abrasive…
🔩 Assessment of the resistance of metals and alloys, metallic and non-organic coatings and organic coatings to a humid atmosphere containing sulfur dioxide — hermetic cabinet (300 ± 10) l with (2,0 ± 0,2) l of water at the bottom, single dose of 0,2, 1,0 or 2,0 l of SO2 from a cylinder at the start of the cycle, (40 ± 3) °C and humidity about 100 %; cycle of 24 h in SO2 (method A) or 8 h in SO2 and 16 h in standard atmosphere (method B), specimen area (0,5 ± 0,1) m², recommended 1–20 cycles, PN-EN ISO 22479
Corrosion test in a hermetic cabinet (preferred capacity (300 ± 10) l) with (2,0 ± 0,2) l of water at the bottom: at the start of each cycle…
🔩 Film-based radiographic testing (X-rays) of longitudinal or helical weld seams of automated arc-welded steel tubes — image quality class A (standard sensitivity) or B (enhanced) according to ISO 17636-1, film system at least C5 (A) or C4 (B), metal intensifying screens 0,02–0,25 mm, single-wall penetration, source-to-weld distance from the f/d condition, optical density of the weld at least 2,0 (A) or 2,3 (B), film overlap at least 10 mm, image quality indicator on the source side, PN-EN ISO 10893-6
Film radiography of longitudinal and helical weld seams of automated arc-welded steel tubes (also circular hollow sections; digital radiogra…
🔩 Determination of tensile strength, tensile modulus, Poisson’s ratios and the stress–strain relationship of thermosetting and thermoplastic composites reinforced with glass, carbon, aramid or similar fibres (mats, woven fabrics, rovings, chopped strands, prepregs, symmetrical multidirectional laminates) — according to the principles of ISO 527-1, specimens of type 1B, 2 (rectangular without end tabs), 3 (with bonded end tabs) or 4 (tapered without end tabs), thickness 2–10 mm, micrometer 0,01 mm, extensometer with 25 mm gauge length for type 4, PN-EN ISO 527-4
Conditions of the static tensile test of fibre-reinforced plastic composites with non-unidirectional reinforcement (mats, woven fabrics, wov…
🧵 Determination of free formaldehyde and formaldehyde partly released by hydrolysis in textiles of any form by the water extraction method — approx. 1 g (up to 2,5 g) of cut sample in 100 ml of water, 60 min at 40 °C, reaction of the filtrate with acetylacetone (Nash) reagent, absorbance at 412 nm against a calibration curve from at least five standard solutions, range 16–3500 mg/kg, below 16 mg/kg “not detectable”, PN-EN ISO 14184-1
Free formaldehyde and formaldehyde partly released by hydrolysis in textiles of any form: approx. 1 g of cut sample is shaken for 60 min in …
🔩 Determination of the oxygen index (OI) of plastics at ambient temperature — the minimum volume fraction of oxygen in a mixture with nitrogen flowing upwards through a glass chimney (height 450–500 mm, diameter 75–100 mm) at which a vertical specimen ignited at the top burns longer or over a greater length than the specified limits; self-supporting bars and sheets up to 10,5 mm, solid, laminated and cellular materials with apparent density ≥ 100 kg/m³, films in a frame, short procedure for comparison with a minimum value, PN-EN ISO 4589-2
Oxygen index of plastics: the minimum fraction of oxygen in an oxygen–nitrogen mixture at which a small vertical specimen ignited at the top…
🔩 Determination of tensile properties of thermoplastics pipes — general test method: test pieces of specified shape cut (die-cut) or machined in the longitudinal direction of the pipe, pulled in a testing machine according to ISO 5893 with self-tightening grips and a load indicator accurate to 1 %; stress at yield σy (MPa) and elongation at break εb (%), details for PVC in Part 2, for polyolefins in Part 3, PN-EN ISO 6259-1
Short-term tensile test of thermoplastics pipes: test pieces are cut or machined from the pipe in the longitudinal direction (without reduci…
🔩 Determination of the density of non-cellular plastics (void-free mouldings and extrusions, powders, flakes and granules) by three methods: A — immersion (weighing in air and in liquid, sinker for plastics lighter than the liquid), B — liquid pycnometer (powders, granules, small pieces, 1–5 g), C — titration (any void-free form); conditions according to the 2019 edition: liquid at 23 °C ± 2 °C (or 27 °C), balance ± 0,1 mg, at least three specimens, mean to three decimal places (the 2025 edition adds temperature requirements for the liquid and air and revises the requirements for the pycnometer, thermometer and liquids); 2025 edition with buoyancy-of-air correction within the formulae themselves, PN-EN ISO 1183-1
Density of void-free plastics by three methods: immersion (the specimen is weighed in air and in a liquid, and for plastics lighter than the…
🔩 Determination of the resistance of coatings, coating systems and related products to condensation with single-sided exposure — heated water bath covered by specimens inclined at (60 ± 5)°, air temperature 25 mm below the specimens (38 ± 2) °C (49 °C and 60 °C also recommended), assessment of blistering, discoloration, softening, wrinkling, embrittlement and substrate condition according to agreed criteria, PN-EN ISO 6270-1
ISO 6270-1 describes testing of coatings under continuous condensation of water on their surface: the coated specimens form the cover of a h…
🔩 Liquid penetrant inspection of seamless and welded steel tubes for the detection of imperfections open to the surface — cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations and porosity — colour contrast or fluorescent penetrants, water-washable, post-emulsifiable or solvent-removable systems, classification of indications (linear, rounded, accumulated, non-relevant), smallest indication considered 1,5–5,0 mm for acceptance levels P1–P4, personnel according to ISO 9712 or ISO 11484, PN-EN ISO 10893-4
Part 4 of the ISO 10893 series gives requirements for liquid penetrant inspection of seamless and welded steel tubes: the penetrant enters i…
🔩 Ultrasonic testing using the TOFD (time-of-flight diffraction) technique — detection of discontinuities and determination of their height from the time of flight of waves diffracted at their tips, mainly in welded joints of low-alloyed steels, PN-EN ISO 16828
TOFD ultrasonic testing: two probes (transmitter and receiver) on either side of the weld; waves diffracted at the upper and lower tips of a…
🔩 Exposure of paint and varnish coatings to laboratory light sources (artificial accelerated weathering and irradiation) — general guidance, requirements for devices: irradiance uniformity, black-standard and black-panel thermometers, interpretation of results, PN-EN ISO 16474-1
The general part of the series on accelerated ageing of coatings under lamps (Part 2 — xenon-arc lamps, Part 3 — fluorescent UV lamps, Part …
🔩 Determination of flexural properties of fibre-reinforced plastic composites — three-point (method A) and four-point (method B) flexure of a freely supported beam: flexural strength, flexural stress and deflection at break, flexural modulus, PN-EN ISO 14125
A specimen of a fibre-reinforced composite (glass, carbon, aramid) is supported as a beam and deflected at a constant rate in three-point (m…
🔩 Determination of the temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization of crystalline and partially crystalline plastics by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — first heating, cooling and second heating, peak temperatures and heat of transition from the peak area, PN-EN ISO 11357-3
DSC testing of crystalline and partially crystalline plastics: the specimen (usually 5–10 mg, for compounds referred to the matrix polymer) …
🔩 Ultrasonic testing of steel castings with ferritic structure for highly stressed components (e.g. turbine housings) — detection of internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique in walls up to 600 mm and evaluation of planar and volumetric discontinuities according to severity levels assigned to the rim zone and the core zone, PN-EN 12680-2
Ultrasonic testing of steel castings with ferritic structure for highly stressed components — e.g. with material utilization close to Rp0,2,…
🧵 Detection of azo colorants releasing aromatic amines in textiles — 1 g of coloured material (disperse dyes: first extraction with xylene under reflux; other dyes and pigments: directly) is reduced with sodium dithionite in citrate buffer pH 6 at 70 °C, the released amines are transferred into tert-butyl methyl ether on a diatomaceous earth column and determined chromatographically (TLC/HPTLC, HPLC-DAD/MS, GC-FID/MS, CE-DAD) with confirmation by a second method; 22 amines from Table 1, PN-EN ISO 14362-1
Some azo colorants release aromatic amines restricted in textile articles under REACH when the azo bond is reductively cleaved. The standard…
🧵 Determination of the mass per unit area of woven and knitted fabrics (also other textile fabrics) using small samples — after relaxation in a tension-free state for at least 24 h, at least 5 specimens of at least 100 cm2 each are cut and weighed in the standard atmosphere (to 1 mg) and/or after drying at (105 ± 3) °C to constant mass; M = m × 10000 / A in g/m2, mean rounded to three significant figures, PN-EN 12127
The mass per unit area of a textile fabric is the mass of a known area divided by that area, in g/m2. The standard determines it on small sa…
🔩 Liquid penetrant testing of investment castings — testing according to EN ISO 3452-1 on agreed surfaces, after cleaning without shot blasting (or with light shot blasting, with etching where there is a risk of closing discontinuities), viewing with the naked eye or at a magnification of at least 3×, classification of linear (LP, L ≥ 3 W), aligned (AP) and non-linear isolated (SP) or clustered (CP) indications in a 25 mm × 25 mm frame against the severity levels of Tables 1 and 2, PN-EN 1371-2
Investment castings (“lost wax”) are penetrant tested according to the general principles of EN ISO 3452-1, and the standard adds requiremen…
🧵 Determination of the number of warp and weft threads per centimetre in woven fabrics by three methods — A: dissection of a specimen of the measuring distance and counting of the removed threads (all fabrics, takes precedence in dispute), B: counting threads in the aperture of a counting glass (fabrics above 50 threads/cm), C: traversing thread counter (all fabrics) — minimum measuring distances by density (Table 1), at least five counting places, conditioning according to ISO 139, PN-EN ISO 7211-2
The density of a woven fabric is expressed as the number of warp and weft threads per centimetre. The standard gives three methods: dissecti…
🔩 General principles of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of polymers and polymer blends — thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers; definitions (DSC, reference crucible, heat flow rate, change in heat ΔQ, specific heat capacity cp, instrument, specimen and virtual baselines, step, endothermic and exothermic peak, peak area, height and width) and characteristic temperatures Ti, Tei, T1/2, Tp, Tef, Tf with subscripts g, c, m; common basis of the further parts of the ISO 11357 series, PN-EN ISO 11357-1
Part 1 of the ISO 11357 series does not describe a single determination, but what is common to all DSC tests of plastics: principle, apparat…
🧵 Determination of the number of wales and courses per centimetre and the number of stitches per square centimetre in weft- and warp-knitted fabrics — preliminary test deciding the method, method A with a counting glass with an aperture of at least 20 mm (from 10 wales/cm), method B with a ruler over a length Lb giving more than 30 stitches (below 10 wales/cm), counting with a dissecting needle to the nearest half stitch in at least five places, means and product of means, PN-EN 14971
The density of a knitted fabric is described by the number of wales (vertical columns of stitches) and courses (horizontal rows) per centime…
🧵 Test of limited flame spread on vertically mounted flexible single- and multicomponent materials (coated, quilted, multilayered) — defined flame of a propane burner applied for 10 s to the surface (procedure A) or the bottom edge (procedure B), recording of melting, flame reaching the edges, afterglow, debris, flaming debris and holes, afterflame time and afterglow time, optionally damaged length, PN-EN ISO 15025
A vertically suspended specimen of protective clothing fabric is touched for 10 seconds with a small propane flame — at the centre of the su…
🔩 Accelerated ageing of plastic specimens by fluorescent UV lamp radiation, heat and water — UVA-340 lamps (method A, UV of global solar radiation), UVA-351 (method B, window-glass filtered solar radiation) and UVB-313 (method C, only by agreement between the parties), spectral distribution requirements (Tables 1–3), condensation type devices and climatic chambers, condensation or water spray, temperature control by black surface thermometer or air temperature, PN-EN ISO 4892-3
Plastic specimens are placed in an apparatus with fluorescent UV lamps and subjected to cycles of radiation, heat and moisture to reproduce …
🔩 Determination of the resistance of thermoplastics pipes, fittings and piping systems to internal hydrostatic pressure at a given temperature — after conditioning the test pieces are subjected to a constant internal pressure for a specified time or until failure, in water, another liquid or air at a constant temperature; end caps type A (transmitting the end thrust to the test piece) or B (not transmitting it), tank ± 1 °C or oven +2/−1 °C, pressurizing equipment keeping the pressure within +2/−1 %, PN-EN ISO 1167-1
A plastic pipe or fitting is closed at the ends, filled with water and kept under constant internal pressure in a water bath, another liquid…
🧵 Detection of azo colorants which may release 4-aminoazobenzene in textiles — the specimen (disperse dyes: after extraction with xylene; other colorants: directly) is reduced with sodium dithionite in 2 % sodium hydroxide solution at (40 ± 2) °C for 30 min, 4-aminoazobenzene is transferred into t-butyl methyl ether with sodium chloride added and determined chromatographically (TLC/HPTLC, HPLC-DAD/MS, GC-FID/MS, CE-DAD) with confirmation by a second method; applied after a pre-fail result for aniline according to ISO 14362-1, PN-EN ISO 14362-3
Azo colorants which may release 4-aminoazobenzene give only aniline and 1,4-phenylenediamine under the conditions of the general method ISO …
🔩 Determination of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratios and the stress–strain relationship of composites with thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix (including prepregs) unidirectionally reinforced with carbon, glass, aramid or similar fibres — according to the principles of ISO 527-1, type A specimen (along the fibres, width 15 mm, thickness 1 mm) or type B (transverse to the fibres, 25 mm, 2 mm), length at least 250 mm, distance between end tabs 150 mm, tabs 0,5–2 mm, micrometer 0,01 mm, PN-EN ISO 527-5
Conditions of the static tensile test of polymer composites with fibres aligned in one direction (rovings, tapes, unidirectional fabrics, pr…
🔩 Determination of the tensile properties of polyolefin pipes (polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene) — stress at yield and elongation at break — according to the general method of ISO 6259-1 on test pieces of the full pipe wall thickness: die-cut (recommended for walls up to 12 mm) or machined (recommended above 12 mm); type 1 test piece (as 1B of ISO 527-2), type 2 (as type 2 of ISO 6259-2) or type 3 (as type B of ISO 13953), chosen according to wall thickness, PN-EN ISO 6259-3
Static tensile test of material in pipe form — polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutene — on test pieces cut fro…
🔩 Ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings — detection of internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique and their assessment according to severity levels agreed in the order separately for the rim zone (1/5 of wall thickness, at least 5 mm, at most 30 mm) and the core, with separate tables for small castings (typically up to 200 kg) and large ones; excluding nodularity testing, phased array and transmission technique, PN-EN 12680-3
Ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings: internal discontinuities are detected by the pulse-echo technique and assessed…
🔩 General guidance and requirements for the selection and application of the methods of exposure of plastics to laboratory light sources from the other parts of ISO 4892 (xenon-arc, fluorescent UV and carbon-arc lamps) and general requirements for artificial accelerated weathering and irradiation devices — irradiance, temperature (black- and white-panel and standard thermometers), humidity and wetting, specimens, exposure conditions and periods, control and reference materials and interpretation of results, PN-EN ISO 4892-1
The general part of the ISO 4892 series: how to select and apply the methods of exposing plastics to laboratory light sources described in P…
🔩 Exposure of paint and varnish coating specimens to filtered xenon-arc radiation under controlled temperature, humidity and wetting, reproducing ageing under daylight (method A, daylight filters) or daylight behind window glass (method B) — spectral distribution in the 290–400 nm bands according to Tables 1 and 2, measurement of irradiance and radiant exposure in the specimen plane, uniformity at least 80 % of the maximum, PN-EN ISO 16474-2
Part 2 of the ISO 16474 series describes the exposure of paint and varnish coatings to filtered xenon-arc lamps — to reproduce in the labora…